case–control samples (EA and AA) were used for replication. The individual SNP associations from the family-based studies did not replicate in either population sample. However, two associated haplotypes in the replication study contained SNPs that were found in associated haplotypes in the family-based analysis (rs900554 and rs9387522; C–A; T–A); the C–A haplotype was associated with increased risk of cocaine-induced paranoia and cocaine dependence in EA, and the T–A haplotype was associated with increased risk of cocaine dependence in the AA replication sample.
