An association between rs1133503, located in the 3′-UTR of glycoprotein endoalpha-1,2-mannosidase (MANEA), and cocaine-induced paranoia was the strongest result in a genome-wide scan for variants associated with cocaine dependence and cocaine-induced paranoia (Yu et al. 2008). In a later study from the same group, 11 SNPs in MANEA were studied further using a family-based approach in two separate populations (African-–American; AA and European–American; EA). Nine of these SNPs were at least nominally associated with cocaine-induced paranoia in the AA population, whereas six of them at least nominally associated in the EA population (Farrer et al. 2009). Additionally, the rs9400554-rs6937479-rs9387522 haplotype (T–T–A) was associated with cocaine-induced paranoia in the pooled AA/EA family-based sample, and the C–A–C haplotype was associated with decreased risk of cocaine-induced paranoia in the pooled sample. No significant associations were found for the cocaine dependence phenotype. Two separate case–control samples (EA and AA) were used for replication. The individual SNP associations from the family-based studies did not replicate in either population sample. However, two associated haplotypes in the replication study contained SNPs that were found in associated haplotypes
