Nevertheless, there does appear to be some consistency between regions of the brain with structural sexual dimorphism and those found to have high numbers of sex steroid receptors. After covarying for TBV, orbitofrontal and caudate volumes have been reported to be larger in adult females (Filipek, Richelme, Kennedy, & Caviness Jr., 1994). Goldstein et al (2001) found several frontal and medial paralimbic brain regions to be relatively larger in women, whereas the frontomedial cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, and angular gyrus were proportionately larger in men. The differences with the greatest effect sizes were also areas that are richly endowed with sex steroid receptors during development as determined by animal models (Goldstein et al., 2001).
