In three independent pediatric cohorts, the caudate nucleus has been found to be relatively larger in females (Giedd et al., 1997; Sowell, Trauner, Gamst, & Jernigan, 2002; Wilke, Krägeloh-Mann, & Holland, 2007). Findings of sexual dimorphism in other regions have been less consistent. These include reports of relatively larger regions in the temporal lobes, thalamus, and basomesial diencephalons in females (Sowell et al., 2002), inferior frontal gyrus gray matter (Wilke et al., 2007) and relatively larger measures of total white matter (Wilke et al., 2007) and globus pallidus white matter (Giedd et al., 1997) in males.
