Genes from these various biological pathways are functionally interconnected; for instance, DR affects most, if not all, of the other categories of genes. DR reduces cancer risk in model organisms [23], induces autophagy [24], changes DNA methylation [25] and even ameliorates loss of stem cell function with age [26]. Other examples of inter-pathway connections are DNA methylation and tumor suppression [27] as well as Progeria syndromes and stem cell activity [21].
