Chunk #104 — III. Selected Methodological Issues — C. Analyses — 1. Achieving significant genome wide association in single samples vs seeking replication and generalization in multiple samples

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Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects.

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It is important to emphasize the ways in which the step wise analyses presented here a) first identify evidence for genes that contain haplotypes that are found at different frequencies in single disease vs control sample comparisons and b) then identify evidence for genes that display haplotypes with such differing frequencies in multiple different samples that results are unlikely to be due to chance.