We repeated the GWAS analyses again without removing the related subjects. Instead, we adjusted the genetic structure using factored spectrally transformed linear mixed models (25). This left 1846 EAs (308 cases) and 3392 AAs (456 cases) for analysis after quality control steps. Apparently, due to the larger sample size, GWAS results for EAs were more significant than before (Table S1 in Supplement 1). Single nucleotide polymorphism rs406001 on chromosome 7p12 remained the most significant SNP with p = 1.74×10−8. Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs382903 and rs450378 in the same region were the third and thirteenth most significant SNPs, and rs6812849 in the first intron of TLL1 was the second most significant SNP with p = 1.21 × 10−7. Another two SNPs in the first intron of TLL1, rs1503292 and rs7691872, were the fourth and fifth most significant SNPs, respectively. After restricting the analysis to trauma-exposed subjects, the three SNPs on 7p12 were the first, fifth, and thirteenth most significant SNPs; the three SNPs in the first intron of TLL1 ranked as the sixth, seventh, and eighth most significant SNPs. Genome-wide association study results for AAs were also very similar (Table S2 in Supplement 1). No SNPs reached genome-wide significance for AAs.
