Proteins were extracted, run on precast NuPage 3%–8% acrylamide gels, transferred to Immun-Blot PVDF membrane (Bio-Rad), and detected with primary antibody and HRP-coupled secondary using Luminol reagent (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Primary antibodies were obtained from Abcam (ATM [Y170, 2C1A1]), Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers MAT) (pCHK2 [phospho T68]), and Santa Cruz (actin [SC-1615]).
