Approximately one-quarter of the children (27%; n = 81) were classified as PDEP. FHP children were as likely to be PDEP (25%) as were FHN children (29%; χ2(1) = 0.49, P = 0.48). PDEP children were as likely as NDEP children to have an alcohol-dependent mother (χ2(1) = 1.74, P = 0.19). The PDS data revealed some striking differences between groups. Although similar in reports of enjoying playing games and being with their family, PDEP children were more likely than NDEP children to report problems with sleeping, loneliness, attention and feeding. For example, 72% of PDEP children versus 29% of NDEP children reported that they awoke often at night. Further, 46% of PDEP children versus 13% of NDEP children reported that they had a difficult time paying attention. Because PDEP children were younger than NDEP children (F1,296 = 11.45, P = 0.001; see Table 1), age was used as a covariate in all analyses.
