averaged over 90%. The youngest cohort was re-interviewed at approximate age 24/25, with an 84.5% follow-up rate. The sample is 55% Black, with the remainder almost all White (less than 4% is Hispanic, Asian, other or mixed). Approximately 36% of the boys’ families received public assistance or food stamps at the time the boys entered the study, and 44% of boys lived with a single parent (for details, see [28]).
