Participants with at least one inpatient or two outpatient ICD-9/10 codes for AUD were assigned as AUD cases, while participants with zero ICD codes for AUD were controls. Those with one outpatient diagnosis were excluded from the analysis. In total, 80,028, 36,330, 10,150, 701 and 107 cases were included in EUR, AFR, LA, EAS and SAS, respectively, and 368,113, 79,100, 28,812, 6,254 and 389 controls were included in EUR, AFR, LA, EAS and SAS, respectively. BOLT-LMM65 was used to correct for relatedness, with age, sex and the first ten PCs as covariates.
