(v) intensity failure: individuals were excluded if the mean of their A and B allele intensities from 10000 SNPs on chromosome 22 was outlying when compared to the sample at large. (vi) identity: prior to being genotyped, ~30 SNPs were typed using Sequenom® at the WTSI. If the concordance between the genome-wide & Sequenom® genotypes was <90% then the individual is excluded on the basis of unknown identity. (vii) ethnic outliers: cases with a distance to CEU > 30 based on a principal components analysis were excluded.
