The subgroup analysis by supervision categories showed disulfiram to be significantly superior to the control condition when medication compliance was supervised: g = .82, 95%CI = .59–1.05 (Figure 4). I2 was 46%. When disulfiram treatment was not supervised, however, the treatment showed no significant efficacy as the results fell short of the significance level: g = .26 (95%CI = −.02–.53). In addition these two categories of studies were significantly different from each other. A visual inspection of the funnel plot for supervised studies revealed no asymmetry, indicating no publication bias. The summary effect-size reached significance in all cases in the leave-one-out analysis, with summary effect-sizes varying from g = .74 to g = .89 (all p<.001). Meta-regression indicated no significant effect of treatment duration, publication year, disulfiram dosage, or risk of bias score.
