It is noteworthy that we did not identify any new themes regarding participation in alcohol research collecting biological samples in the Latino focus groups compared to the literature review, with the exception of having previous experience with health research or providing biological samples or not. That the other themes were applicable to and identifiable in the Latino focus groups may speak to the similarity of concerns about participating in alcohol research collecting biological samples across many racial/ethnic groups. In regards to the emergence of the theme related to previous exposure, we attribute the discussion around this topic to having explicitly asked the participants about previous experiences with providing biological samples and participating in health research, which sparked conversations around this idea. Many of our participants voiced little or no direct exposure to research, and much of their discussion describing research and its capabilities was often informed by references to popular culture and fictionalized media. In addition to being about willingness to participate, this lack of exposure could also be viewed as a barrier at the institutional level, such that alcohol
