Similarly, aspects of race/ethnic group membership have been shown to mitigate or exacerbate the magnitude of alcohol-related outcomes (Gilman et al., 2008). For example, Whites tend to consume more alcohol than Blacks (Johnston et al., 2011) but Blacks reportedly have higher levels of alcohol problems (Zapolski et al., 2014). Yet, the risk for alcohol dependence associated with FH+ seems to increase with age in Whites but decrease with age in Blacks (Russell et al., 1990). Importantly, whether associations between different FH measures and alcohol-related phenotypes vary across gender and race/ethnicity, particularly comparing Whites and Blacks, is less understood. Therefore, a comparative study of associations of different FH measures with AUD-risk factors and their variation by gender and race/ethnicity is important.
