Substantial evidence shows that women and men differ in rates of alcohol use initiation, consequences of use, maintenance of use patterns, and attempts to stop and success at cessation (Keyes et al., 2008). Additionally, psychosocial factors may have different structural associations with AUD in men and women (Schulte et al., 2009; Meyers et al., 2017). Importantly, inconsistent findings across studies have been reported that may be attributed to the use of different measures of FH. For example, some studies have reported significant interactions between gender and FH, such that FH+ males were especially more vulnerable to high levels of alcohol consumption (Barthwell, 1995). In other work, measures of SES (e.g., education, income) were shown to be more important predictors of alcohol dependence symptoms among men, whereas FH was a stronger predictor among women (LaBrie et al., 2011).
