The discovery sample came from the European-American subjects in the merged SAGE and COGA datasets (Bierut et al., 2010; Edenberg et al., 2010; (1,477 subjects in COGA that overlapped with SAGE were excluded) Zuo et al., 2012), and the European-Australian replication sample came from the OZ-ALC dataset (Heath et al., 2011). Affected subjects met lifetime DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The control subjects were defined as individuals who had been exposed to alcohol (and possibly to other drugs), but had never become addicted to alcohol or other illicit substances (lifetime diagnoses). Detailed demographic information for these samples is shown in Table S1 2 or available elsewhere (Bierut et al., 2010; Edenberg et al., 2010; Heath et al., 2011; Zuo et al., 2013). The discovery sample was genotyped on the Illumina Human 1M (for SAGE and COGA) and the replication sample was genotyped on Illumina Human CNV370v1 with the same genotype clustering algorithms.
