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Chunk #26 — RESULTS — Reductions in responding for ethanol after GABAAR α4 subunit knockdown are present when testing occurs at the time of maximal knockdown and require ethanol reinforcement

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Alpha4 subunit-containing GABAA receptors in the accumbens shell contribute to the reinforcing effects of alcohol.
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In contrast, when responding was not reinforced by ethanol at test, there were no significant group differences in active lever responses on day 18 after viral infusion (Fig. 3d; P > 0.05). This lack of effect on unreinforced responding was also apparent in the within-session analysis [Fig. 3e & f; baseline: main effect of time (F(5,70) = 81.26, P < 0.0001); virus treatment (F(1,70) = 0.8, P = 0.38); treatment by time interaction (F(5,70) = 0.11, P = 0.98); day 18: main effect of time (F(5,70) = 25.8, P < 0.0001); virus treatment (F(1,70) = 1.5, P = 0.23); treatment by time interaction (F(5,70) = 1.9, P = 0.1)].