pcDNA3.1-Mcl-1L plasmid encoding human Mcl-1L isoform (NCBI Ref: NM_021960.4) was reported previously49 and obtained from Addgene (#25375; Cambridge, MA). pcDNA3-Bcl-2 plasmid encoding human Bcl2 was reported previously50 and obtained from Addgene (#19279; Cambridge, MA). Mcl-1S isoform (NCBI Ref: NM_182763.2) was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) at EcoRI/XhoI restriction enzyme sites and labeled as pcDNA3.1-Mcl-1S. The plasmid was created with the following primers: hMcl-1S-EcoRI-F: 5′-CCCTCGTAAAGAATTCATGTTTGGCCTCAAAAGAAA-3′ and hMcl-1S-XhoI-R: 5′-TCCACGCGTCTCGAGTTACAGTAAGGCTATCT-3′.