To further confirm the significance of these nine SNPs to smoking behavior, we also tested their association with another important phenotype for smoking, cigarette consumption (SQ), in the total sample as well as in males and females. The male-specific association pattern was also detected between these SNPs and SQ (Table 2); association with SQ was non-significant in females but achieved p values at the levels of 10−3-10−4 in both the total and male samples (Table 2).
