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Chunk #37 — 4. Discussion — 4.3 Study limitations and clinical implications

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Gender differences in the relationship of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology to alcohol dependence: likelihood, expression and course.
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verifying that the original definitions produced equivalent results in the Wave 2 sample, we added drug abuse, conduct disorder, adult antisocial behavior not preceded by conduct disorder (Goldstein et al., 2007) and ADHD into the externalizing dimension. We added PTSD into the internalizing dimension but removed bipolar disorder. The resulting ORs for IO, EO and BIO (1.8, 4.6 and 6.1 for men, 2.3, 6.4 and 9.3 for women) all lay within the 95% confidence intervals of our original estimates and all gender differences remained statistically significant (p<.05). Thus, the results of this study appear to be fairly robust with respect to the definitions of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.