During reward anticipation, individuals with the GG genotype of either SNP and carriers of the G-G haplotype showed significantly higher activation in the left Insula compared to those with other genotypes/haplotypes (rs279858 p = 0.028; rs279826 p = 0.009; haplotype p = 0.020) and remained significant after corrected for family history and age (rs279858 p = 0.049; rs279826 p = 0.016; haplotype p = 0.028) (Table 3). In the right Insula, rs279826 G homozygotes showed higher activation (p = 0.05) during reward anticipation, whereas neither rs279858 nor the haplotype were associated (data not shown). During loss anticipation, rs279826 G homozygotes and carriers of the G-G haplotype were associated with higher left insula activation (rs279826 p = 0.024; haplotype p=0.05). We report no association for either SNP or the haplotype with right insula activation during loss anticipation. The association between rs279826 and right insula response to reward anticipation loses some significance when controlling for family history and age (p=.07), whereas the remainder of the findings remain significant (p<.05). However, children of alcoholics (COA) showed greater activation of right insula to reward
