al., 2009). Fein and Chang (2008) reported feedback error-related negativity (ERN) in the fronto-central region including the ACC after error trials in a Balloon Analogue Risk Task, and the magnitude of this ERN was negatively associated with family history density of alcohol problems. Smaller P3 activity was found in alcohol dependent adults than in healthy controls in the nogo condition in a go/nogo task (Colrain et al., 2011; Kamarajan et al., 2005). In contrast, the ACC showed increased response to alcohol cues in alcohol addicts, as compared to controls (Tapert et al., 2004) as well as in heavy drinkers, which diminished over time during abstinence (Brumback et al., 2015). Thus, contingent on the psychological relevance of the stimuli, ACC response to saliency may represent an endophenotype of alcohol misuse.
