We participated in the “Large Lupus Association Study #2” (LLAS2) in which >16,500 individuals were genotyped, including 8068 EA, 3462 AA, 2509 HS, and 2672 AS. Details of genotyping procedures have been described elsewhere [34]. All SLE cases met 1997 ACR classification criteria for SLE [35], [36]. Individual ethnicities were self-reported and genetic outliers were removed by principal component analysis (described below).