Studies in flies and worms have contributed substantially to our understanding of molecular–genetic mechanisms that influence the effects of alcohol on the nervous system and behavior. To compile all genetic manipulations (and therefore genes) that are important for alcohol-related behavior in flies and worms, we performed extensive searches of PubMed through 2014 (using combinations of the search terms EtOH, alcohol, Drosophila, C. elegans, names of individual investigators, etc.) and supplemented these searches with lists of genes obtained from several recent reviews (Davies and Bettinger, 2014; Kaun et al., 2012; Morozova et al., 2012; Rodan and Rothenfluh, 2010a; Rothenfluh et al., 2014) in addition to a recent publication from one of the authors (Mathies et al., 2015). Together, studies in flies and worms have identified 91 and 50 genes, respectively, that influence behavioral responses to alcohol (Tables 1 and 2). The 50 worm genes are orthologous to 50 genes in flies (identified by DIOPT scores ≥3 [Hu et al., 2011] and BLASTP searches [Altschul et al., 1997]). Of these 50 genes, only 7 (Adh, Clic, Dop1R1, iav, NPFR, Sir2, and slo)
