Second, because the UK Biobank and UK BiLEVE genotyping chips contain exome content, we sought replication from two BP exome consortia (European exome consortium and the Cohorts for Heart and Ageing research in Genome Epidemiology – CHARGE BP exome consortium), to allow validation of coding variants and variants with lower frequency. The European exome consortium (N = 161,926) and CHARGE consortium (N = 119,792) give a total of N = 281,718 independent replication samples for the exome analysis.