Within one day of the MR study, participants completed standardized questionnaires for alcohol withdrawal (CIWA-Ar; Addiction Research Foundation Clinical Institute of Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (Sullivan et al., 1989)), depression (Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1978)) and anxiety symptomatology (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Y-2, STAI (Spielberger et al., 1977)). Alcohol consumption over lifetime was assessed with the lifetime drinking history (LDH) (Skinner and Sheu, 1982; Sobell and Sobell, 1990; Sobell et al., 1988). From the LDH, age of onset of heavy drinking (defined as consuming >100 alcoholic drinks per month (male) or > 80 drinks per month (female)) was derived and the average number of alcoholic drinks consumed per month over 1 year, 8 years before enrollment and over lifetime estimated. For PSU, substance use history (other than alcohol) was assessed with an in-house questionnaire based on the Addiction Severity Index (McLellan et al., 1992), NIDA Addictive Drug Survey (Smith, 1991), drinking history, and Axis I disorders Patient Edition, Version 2.0 (SCID-I/P; First et al., 1998). The questionnaire probed for information on phases of drug use for each substance that a participant
