Chunk #21 — 3. Results — 3.3 Unadjusted associations of lifetime internalizing and externalizing psychopathology with clinical course and presentation of alcohol dependence
There were numerous gender differences (p<.05) in the expression and course of alcohol dependence among individuals with NINE or with IO (Table 3). Men had a greater volume of alcohol consumption, frequency of overall and heavy drinking and largest quantity of drinks consumed in a single day. Men in these categories also had more lifetime AUD symptoms and were more likely to have received alcohol treatment (including 12-step participation), but they reported a lower density of familial alcoholism. Among lifetime alcoholics with EO, the only significant gender differences were a greater volume of ethanol intake, frequency of heavy drinking and largest quantity of drinks among men. Among alcoholics with BIE, frequency of heavy drinking and largest quantity of drinks (but not volume of consumption) were greater among men, whereas women had a greater density of familial alcoholism and a shorter interval from first drink to onset of dependence. Irrespective of psychopathology, there were no gender differences among lifetime alcoholics in age at onset of dependence, early initiation of drinking, multiple episodes of dependence and remission from dependence.
