Following adjustment for sociodemographic factors and other comorbid conditions, the odds of lifetime alcoholism were increased among men by a factor of 1.9 in association with IO, by a factor of 4.0 in association with EO and by a factor of 6.5 in association with BIE (Table 2). Among women, the comparable ORs were 2.6, 8.8 and 10.7, respectively, all significantly higher than the comparable ORs for men (p = .002 to .006). The magnitudes of the ORs were not significantly different for lifetime drinkers than in the total population, but the significance of the gender differences was weaker (p = .023 to .099). After controlling for volume of consumption, the ORs for externalizing (but not internalizing) psychopathology were generally reduced in magnitude, as was the significance of most of the gender differences (p = .015 to .259). However, even holding constant volume of consumption, men and women with internalizing and/or externalizing psychopathology were at two- to five-fold increased risk of lifetime alcohol dependence, and the increase in risk was generally greater for women than men (the exception being in the BIE category).
