Chunk #19 — 3. Results — 3.1 Unadjusted associations of lifetime internalizing and externalizing psychopathology with alcohol dependence

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Gender differences in the relationship of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology to alcohol dependence: likelihood, expression and course.

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For both men and women, the prevalence of lifetime alcohol dependence was lowest among individuals with neither internalizing nor externalizing psychopathology (NINE), higher for those with IO, higher still for those with EO and highest for those with BIE (bottom panel of Table 1). All pair-wise differences by type of psychopathology were statistically significant (p<.05) for both men and women. Within all categories of psychopathology other than EO, the prevalence of lifetime alcohol dependence was significantly higher among men than women (p<.001).