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Chunk #26 — 3. RESULTS — 3.1. Opioid Use and Related Behaviors by Subgroup — 3.1.4. Heavy opioid users (Group 4)

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Improved methods to identify stable, highly heritable subtypes of opioid use and related behaviors.
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This group comprises 762 individuals (14.1% of the sample), nearly 97% of whom had lifetime OD. The ages of first opioid use [(mean (SD)=23.3 (7.4)] and onset of heaviest use [(mean (SD)=29 (8.2)] were both intermediate, earlier than Group 3 but later than Group 5. The proportion experiencing negative effects due to opioid use and that received treatment for opioid abuse was similar to that in Group 3 but significantly lower than in Group 5. The prevalence of other substance dependence and psychiatric disorders was also significantly lower in this group than in Group 5.