This population uses alcohol rather exclusively, and alcohol consumption is the sole focus of this paper. Use of other drugs (prescription or illicit) was reported by less than 1% in this study sample (May et al., 2013a), and has always been <2% in all studies in this community (May et al., 2005, 2008a; Viljoen et al., 2002). The major recreational drug used is daga (marijuana), although methamphetamine is emerging in urban areas. Smoking behavior as it impacts FASD has been described in detail elsewhere for this community (May et al., 2005, 2008a; Viljoen et al., 2002). Cigarette smoking is a high prevalence behavior (30 – 60% of mothers), but a low frequency behavior; smoking mothers reported using an average of 33 to 62 cigarettes a week, a low quantity by US standards (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005).
