Most subjects in the meta-analysis were men (89%). This should be kept in mind in interpreting these results for women. In three studies, we included subjects who received disulfiram along with another treatment. In one of these trials, the additional treatment was a placebo [38]. In the two others using methadone treated subjects, the disulfiram (given to the experimental group) and the placebo (given to the control group) were placed in the methadone [14] or given with the methadone [32] for compliance purposes. We chose not to analyze any comparisons in which disulfiram was combined with naltrexone or similar abstinence supportive drugs. In addition, we intentionally excluded studies in which all experimental groups received the same dose of disulfiram so as to evaluate other aspects of treatment (i.e., the effects of supervision or behavior therapy) [1].
