It is possible that the negative genetic correlation between alcohol use frequency and externalizing phenotypes does not extend to adolescence. In adolescence, the point estimates of genetic correlations with educational attainment and average household income were near zero, departing from the patterns seen in adulthood. Additionally, the point estimate of the genetic correlation between adolescent alcohol use frequency and risk tolerance (rG=.35, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.77]) suggests that the genetic underpinnings of adolescent alcohol use frequency are more closely related to externalizing behavior, though none of the genetic correlations between phenotypes from external GWAS and alcohol use frequency in adolescence were significantly different than zero. These suggestive results align with previous findings that externalizing genetic risk factors are especially important in adolescence (Kendler et al. 2011; Meyers et al. 2014). The same behavior measured at different ages may have different genetic architectures as well as other complex behavioral environmental causes, correlates, and consequences depending on the developmental context of the behavior. For example, whether alcohol can be obtained legally (Wagenaar and Toomey, 2015) and parental monitoring (Dick et al. 2009;
