With respect to ADHD core symptoms rated by clinicians in children and adolescents, all drugs were superior to placebo (figure 3, table 1). In adults, amphetamines, methylphenidate, bupropion, and atomoxetine were superior to placebo, but modafinil was not superior to placebo; no data were available for guanfacine and clonidine. In children, adolescents, and adults, amphetamines were significantly superior to modafinil, atomoxetine, and methylphenidate (table 1). Additionally, in children and adolescents, amphetamines were superior to guanfacine and methylphenidate was superior to atomoxetine. In adults, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, and bupropion were superior to modafinil. By contrast, according to teachers' ratings of children's ADHD core symptoms, only methylphenidate and modafinil were superior to placebo (no data were available for amphetamines and clonidine; table 1).
