We further investigated the association of these 46 SNPs in 2111 community non-diabetic, 1516 T2DM–ESRD and 1362 T2DM subjects from cohorts 1 to 6 (Supplementary Table 2). The effect sizes ranged from 0.0005 to 0.24, 0.003 to 0.11, and 0.002 to 0.16 s.d. units, respectively, for the three groups. Overall, there was no significant heterogeneity of effect sizes among the non-diabetic, T2DM–ESRD and T2DM groups (Pheterogeneity>0.05), except for rs10508503 in PTER. The non-significant results for most SNPs in this subset analysis are likely to be attributed to reduced sample size and study power. Due to modest relatedness between the cohorts, the association analyses of the 46 SNPs were repeated, using variance component method to combine all samples into one single group (Supplementary Table 3). The P-value results are highly correlated with the meta-analysis method (slope = 0.965, intercept = 0.024 by linear regression model).
