Racial residential segregation: a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health.
- Authors
- Williams, D R; Collins, C
- Year
- 2001
- Journal
- Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
- PMID
- 12042604
- DOI
- 10.1093/phr/116.5.404
- PMCID
- PMC1497358
Racial residential segregation is a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. The physical separation of the races by enforced residence in certain areas is an institutional mechanism of racism that was designed to protect whites from social interaction with blacks. Despite the absence of supportive legal statutes, the degree of residential segregation remains extremely high for most African Americans in the United States. The authors review evidence that suggests that segregation is a primary cause of racial differences in socioeconomic status (SES) by determining access to education and employment opportunities. SES in turn remains a fundamental cause of racial differences in health. Segregation also creates conditions inimical to health in the social and physical environment. The authors conclude that effective efforts to eliminate racial disparities in health must seriously confront segregation and its pervasive consequences.
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| Gauging and Responding to the Need for Home Repair Assistance in Delaware. | Millard K et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Gender-Based Violence and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Predict HIV PrEP Uptake and Persistence Failure Among Transgender and Non-binary Persons Participating in a PrEP Demonstration Project in Southern California. | Storholm ED et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Gentrification, Mobility, and Exposure to Contextual Social Determinants of Health. | Acolin A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Geospatial Associations between Female Breast Cancer Mortality Rates and Environmental Socioeconomic Indicators for North Carolina. | Burwell A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| GIS Mapping and Breast Cancer Health Care Access Gaps for African American Women. | White-Means S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Health Equity Implications of Missing Data Among Youths With Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Proof-of-Concept Study in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. | Woo JMP et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Health equity integrated epilepsy care and research: A narrative review. | Gotlieb EG et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Health-related quality of life by race, ethnicity, and country of origin among cancer survivors. | Reeve BB et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Historical redlining and breast cancer treatment and survival among older women in the United States. | Bikomeye JC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Hospital-Level Segregation Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Lung Cancer Resection. | Bonner SN et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Humoral profiling of pediatric patients with cancer reveals robust immunity following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination superior to natural infection. | Martin SD et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Hyperlocal disparities in breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening: An ecological study of social vulnerability in Miami-Dade county. | Ashad-Bishop KC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection in Developed Countries: Potential Endemic Foci? | Chacin-Bonilla L et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Identifying life course mechanisms and pathways that influence cognitive health among Asian and Latina/o/x older adults. | Brown LL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Inclusion of Race and Ethnicity With Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation When Assessing COVID-19 Hospitalization Risk Among California Veterans Health Administration Users. | Wong MS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Influence of Neighborhood Social and Natural Environment on Prostate Tumor Histology in a Cohort of Male Health Professionals. | Iyer HS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| In Search of the Promised Land: County-Level Disadvantage and Low Birth Weight among Black Mothers of the Great Migration. | Vu C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Institutional Racism and Health: a Framework for Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis. | Needham BL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Intergenerational Continuity of Child Maltreatment, Parenting, and Racism: Commentary on Valentino et al., (2012). | Valentino K et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Internalized Racism and Racial Self-Identity Formation in Black Children. | Chavis A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Interpersonal Discrimination, Neighborhood Inequities, and Children's Body Mass Index: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Analysis. | Kunin-Batson A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Intersectional Prevalence of Suicide Ideation, Plan, and Attempt Based on Gender, Sexual Orientation, Race and Ethnicity, and Rurality. | Forrest LN et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Intersectional Stigma as a Fundamental Cause of Health Disparities: A case study of how drug use stigma intersecting with racism and xenophobia creates health inequities for Black and Hispanic persons who use drugs over time. | Walters SM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Intersections of oppression: Examining the interactive effect of racial discrimination and neighborhood poverty on PTSD symptoms in Black women. | Ravi M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Investigating the Spatial Relationship between Social Vulnerability and Healthcare Facility Distribution in Nassau County, New York. | Jones A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Invited Commentary: Undiagnosed and Undertreated-the Suffocating Consequences ofΒ the Use of Racially Biased Medical Devices During the COVID-19 Pandemic. | Plaisime MV | β | 2023 | β |
| Isolation and survival: The impact of local and MSA isolation on survival among non-Hispanic Black women diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States using a SEER-Medicare cohort. | Canales B et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Life expectancy, life disparity, and differential racialization among Chinese, Asian Indians, and Filipinos in the United States. | Baluran DA | β | 2023 | β |
| Longitudinal profiles of neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability influence blood pressure changes across the female midlife period. | Schiff MD et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Love, health, and the 'hood: An examination of romantic relationship adjustment and perceived neighborhood quality as predictors of partnered Black Americans' long-term psychological health. | Jenkins AIC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Lower Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status May Influence Medical Complications, Emergency Department Utilization, and Costs of Care After 1- to 2-Level Lumbar Fusion. | Gordon AM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Mediators of county-level racial and economic privilege in cancer screening. | Munir MM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Moving to opportunity? Low birth weight outcomes among Southern-born Black mothers during the Great Migration. | Vu C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Moving toward Equitable Care for Sleep Apnea in the United States: Positive Airway Pressure Adherence Thresholds: An Official American Thoracic Society Policy Statement. | May AM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Multilevel Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Hospitalization among Children with Allergies. | Correa-Agudelo E et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Multiple Pharmacotherapy Adaptations for Smoking Cessation Based on Treatment Response in Black Adults Who Smoke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. | Nollen NL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood Deprivation and DNA Methylation and Expression of Cancer Genes in Breast Tumors. | Jenkins BD et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood Deprivation, Hospital Quality, and Mortality After Cancer Surgery. | Bonner SN et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood Disadvantage, African Genetic Ancestry, Cancer Subtype, and Mortality Among Breast Cancer Survivors. | Iyer HS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood factors and survival to old age: The Jackson Heart Study. | Odden MC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood Racial and Economic Privilege and Timing of Pubertal Onset in Girls. | Acker J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood segregation and cognitive change: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. | Besser LM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood segregation, socioeconomic status, and cognitive function among older Chinese immigrants. | Tang F et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Loneliness in Mid- and Later Life: Are Benefits Contingent on Race/Ethnicity or Neighborhood Disorder? | Massihzadegan S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood social deprivation and healthcare utilization, disability, and comorbidities among young adults with congenital heart defects: Congenital heart survey to recognize outcomes, needs, and well-being 2016-2019. | Judge A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neighborhood socioeconomic status and segregation linked to cognitive decline. | Meyer OL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| "Nothing but a rope to hang yourself:" The toll of mass supervision on mental well-being. | LeMasters K et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Opportunities, challenges, and future directions for simulation modeling the effects of structural racism on cancer mortality in the United States: a scoping review. | Jayasekera J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Outdoor Time in Childhood: A Mixed Methods Approach to Identify Barriers and Opportunities for Intervention in a Racially and Ethnically Mixed Population. | Haakenstad MK et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Parental Preconception Adversity and Offspring Health in African Americans: A Systematic Review of Intergenerational Studies. | Sweeting JA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Paternal Incarceration, Race and Ethnicity, and Maternal Health. | NiΓ±o M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Patients' Willingness to Accept Social Needs Navigation After In-Person versus Remote Screening. | Steeves-Reece AL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Place, Race, and Case: Examining Racialized Economic Segregation and COVID-19 in Louisiana. | Scott JL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Potentially More Out of Reach: Public Reporting Exacerbates Inequities in Home Health Access. | Fashaw-Walters SA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Prior differences in previous trauma exposure primarily drive the observed racial/ethnic differences in posttrauma depression and anxiety following a recent trauma. | Harnett NG et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Race and Ethnicity and Emergency Department Discharge Against Medical Advice. | Tsai JW et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Race, Healthcare, and Health Disparities: A Critical Review and Recommendations for Advancing Health Equity. | Macias-Konstantopoulos WL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Race-specific associations between psychological distress and obesity: the role of social cohesion. | Fields ND et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Health: Examining the Contributions of the American Journal of Epidemiology to Advancing the Science. | Borrell LN et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation and Monocyte DNA Methylation Age Acceleration. | Hicken MT et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial discrimination and its impact on mental health. | Schouler-Ocak M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial Disparities in Adversity During Childhood and the False Appearance of Race-Related Differences in Brain Structure. | Dumornay NM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial Disparity in Residual Sleep Apnea After Adenotonsillectomy. | Fayson SD et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Inequities in Access to Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion. | Reddy KP et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial/ethnic differences in the relationship between wealth and health across young adulthood. | Sun S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racialized economic segregation and potentially preventable hospitalizations among Medicaid/CHIP-enrolled children. | Smith LB et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racialized Housing Discrimination and Population Health: a Scoping Review and Research Agenda. | Cross RI et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial residential segregation and child mortality in the southern United States at the turn of the 20th century. | Karbeah J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial residential segregation and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: an analysis of Georgia USA county-level data. | Medcalfe SK et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Racial Residential Segregation and the Health of Black Youth With Type 1 Diabetes. | Ellis DA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Recent Economic Intimate Partner Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of U.S. Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence. | Willie TC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Reducing disparities and achieving health equity in colorectal cancer screening. | Segura A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Reducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Infections Risk in African American Women with At-Risk Male Partners: A Randomized Trial. | Adeyeba MO et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Remapping racial and ethnic inequities in severe maternal morbidity: The legacy of redlining in California. | Gao X et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Research on Health Disparities: Strategies and Findings From the Black Women's Health Study. | Palmer JR et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Residential Racial Segregation in Aortic Stenosis Diagnosis and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Among Medicare Patients. | Sevilla-Cazes J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Residential Segregation and County-Level COVID-19 Booster Coverage in the Deep South: Surveillance Report and Ecological Study. | Zeng C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Residential Segregation and Depressive Symptoms in Older Chinese Immigrants: The Mediating Role of Social Processes. | Tang F et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Residential segregation and prenatal depression in a non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic cohort in North Carolina. | Haight SC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Residential Segregation, Perceived Neighborhood Environment, and All-Cause Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Chinese Americans. | Jiang Y et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Residential Structural Racism and Prevalence of Chronic Health Conditions. | Mohottige D et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Segregated Patterns of Hospital Care Delivery and Health Outcomes. | Lin SC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Segregation and Childhood Blood Lead Levels in North Carolina. | Miranda ML et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Social Determinants of Health and Stroke Mortality: Contextual or Compositional Effects? | Karb R et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Social Determinants of Health and Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in a National Cohort of Black and White US Adults: the REGARDS Study. | Akinyelure OP et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Social Risk Factors That Increase Cardiovascular and Breast Cancer Risk. | Obeidat O et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Sociodemographic Factors and Neighborhood/Environmental Conditions Associated with Social Isolation Among Black Older Adults. | Taylor HO et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Spatial Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in New York City and Its Association with Neighborhood Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Status. | Friedman S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Structural Inequality and COVID-19 Mortality in Chicago: An Ecological Analysis. | Patterson EJ et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Structural Racism and Adolescent Mental Health Disparities in Northern California. | Acker J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Structural racism and homophobia evaluated through social media sentiment combined with activity spaces and associations with mental health among young sexual minority men. | Duncan DT et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Structural Racism and the Social Determinants of Health in Asthma. | Martinez A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Structural racism is associated with adverse postnatal outcomes among Black preterm infants. | Karvonen KL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Structural Racism, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Obesity-related Cancers among Black and Hispanic/Latino Adults in the United States: A Narrative Review. | Pichardo MS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Study designs, measures and indexes used in studying the structural racism as aΒ social determinant of health in high income countries from 2000-2022: evidence from a scoping review. | Ahmed MK et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Supermarket Proximity and Risk of Hypertension, Diabetes, and CKD: A Retrospective Cohort Study. | Garg G et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Testing mediating pathways between school segregation and health: Evidence on peer prejudice and health behaviors. | Schwartz GL et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Affordable Rental Housing Crisis and Population Health Equity: a Multidimensional and Multilevel Framework. | Keene DE et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The associations of income and Black-White racial segregation with HIV outcomes among adults aged β₯18 years-United States and Puerto Rico, 2019. | Gant Z et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The associations of objective and perceived neighborhood disadvantage with stress among pregnant black women. | Vaughan SE et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Black radical imagination: a space of hope and possible futures. | Hill-Jarrett TG | β | 2023 | β |
| The Black-White Disparity in Preterm Birth: Race or Racism? | Braveman P | β | 2023 | β |
| The Built Environment as a Social Determinant of Health. | Nabaweesi R et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Complex Patchwork of Transportation for In-Center Hemodialysis. | Tian FF et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Creation of a Multidomain Neighborhood Environmental Vulnerability Index Across New York City. | Uong SP et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The effects of housing insecurity on children's health: a scoping review. | Bess KD et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The heart of Detroit study: a window into urban middle-aged and older African Americans' daily lives to understand psychosocial determinants of cardiovascular disease risk. | Davis KM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The impact of ethnic segregation on neighbourhood-level social distancing in the United States amid the early outbreak of COVID-19. | Zhai W et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The impact of health inequities on physicians' occupational well-being during COVID-19: A qualitative analysis from four US cities. | Browne A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The impact of neighborhoods and friendships on interracial anxiety among medical students and residents: A report from the medical student CHANGES study. | Plaisime MV et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Impact of Neighborhoods on Diabetes Risk and Outcomes: Centering Health Equity. | Mujahid MS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The impact of race/ethnicity and county-level upward economic mobility on textbook outcomes in hepatopancreatic surgery. | Moazzam Z et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The impact of social and environmental factors on cancer biology in Black Americans. | Lord BD et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The neighborhood context and all-cause mortality among older adults in Puerto Rico. | GarcΓa C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The role of perceived threats on mental health, social, and neurocognitive youth outcomes: A multicontextual, person-centered approach. | Conley MI et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Water Surrounding the Iceberg: Cultural Racism and Health Inequities. | Michaels EK et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Tobacco and Alcohol Retailer Availability andΒ Neighborhood Racialized, Economic, and Racialized Economic Segregation in North Carolina. | Kong AY et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Traumatic Life Events and Stressors: Associations With Substance Use Problems of Men Under Community Supervision. | Wimberly AS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Traveling Together: A Road Map for Researching Neighborhood Effects on Population Health and Health Inequities. | Gao X et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Trends in Homicide Rates for US Children Aged 0 to 17 Years, 1999 to 2020. | Wilson RF et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Trends in Positive Depression and Suicide Risk Screens in Pediatric Primary Care During COVID-19. | Hannan C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Understanding COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Precautionary Behaviors in Black Chicagoans: A Grounded Theory Approach. | Chebli P et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Understanding the Impact of Contemporary Racism on the Mental Health of Middle Class Black Americans. | Hudson D et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Unhealthy alcohol use and brief intervention rates among high and low complexity veterans seeking primary care services in the Veterans Health Administration. | Jia-Richards M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Upstream Policy Changes to Improve Population Health and Health Equity: A Priority Agenda. | Ray R et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Use of Race in Kidney Function Estimation: Lessons Learned and the Path Toward Health Justice. | Mohottige D et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Using systems science to advance health equity in tobacco control: a causal loop diagram of smoking. | Mills SD et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Without Affordable, Accessible, and Adequate Housing, Health Has No Foundation. | Mehdipanah R | β | 2023 | β |
| Your neighborhood matters: an ecological social determinant study of the relationship between residential racial segregation and the risk of firearm fatalities. | Shour AR et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| A Bibliometric Analysis on Research Regarding Residential Segregation and Health Based on CiteSpace. | Qiu Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A Call for Action to Address the Root Causes of Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities. | Brown AGM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A comprehensive framework for operationalizing structural racism in health research: The association between mass incarceration of Black people in the U.S. and adverse birth outcomes. | Larrabee Sonderlund A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Act Healthy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating a Behavioral Activation Intervention to Address Substance Use and Medication Adherence Among Low-Income, Black/African American Individuals Living with HIV/AIDS. | Magidson JF et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Addressing Residential Segregation as a Social Determinant of Health. | Carter PM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Advancing Health Equity through Empowered Place-Based Community Action. | Siegel SD et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Adverse childhood experiences and cognitive disability in the 2019 United States behavioral risk factor surveillance system. | Ward K et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A mixed methods approach to understand greenspace redevelopment in relation to objectively- and subjectively-measured sleep health among Black adults in Southwest Atlanta. | Williams PC et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Analysis of Eligibility for Lung Cancer Screening by Race After 2021 Changes to US Preventive Services Task Force Screening Guidelines. | Pinheiro LC et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| An HIT-Supported Care Coordination Framework for Reducing Structural Racism and Discrimination for Patients With ADRD. | Chen J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A novel nomogram for predicting long-term heart-disease specific survival among older female primary breast cancer patients that underwent chemotherapy: A real-world data retrospective cohort study. | Huang C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A protocol for applying health equity-informed implementation science models and frameworks to adapt a sleep intervention for adolescents at risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. | Williamson AA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Are Experiences of Racial Discrimination Associated with Postpartum Depressive Symptoms? A Multistate Analysis of Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Data. | Weeks F et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Assessment of US Pharmacies Contracted With Health Care Institutions Under the 340B Drug Pricing Program by Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics. | Lin JK et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Association between neighbourhood deprivation and hypertension in a US-wide Cohort. | Xu J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Association of Area-Level Socioeconomic Deprivation With Hypoglycemic and Hyperglycemic Crises in US Adults With Diabetes. | Kurani SS et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Association of Residential Racial and Ethnic Segregation With Legal Intervention Injuries in California. | Ormseth CH et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Associations Between Historical Redlining and Present-Day Heat Vulnerability Housing and Land Cover Characteristics in Philadelphia, PA. | Schinasi LH et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Associations Between Residential Segregation and Incident Hypertension: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. | Gao X et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| At-home Testing and Risk Factors for Acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Major US Metropolitan Area. | Woolley AE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Behavioral Research in Cancer Prevention and Control: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities. | Klein WMP et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Black/White Disparities in Obesity Widen with Increasing Rurality: Evidence from a National Survey. | Cohen SA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Building health equity through housing policies: critical reflections and future directions for research. | Leifheit KM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Burning in "Other Suns": The Effects of Residential Segregation on Cardiovascular Health. | Essien UR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cancer Epidemiology in Hispanic Populations: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Need to Make Progress? | Fejerman L et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Carceral epidemiology: mass incarceration and structural racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. | LeMasters K et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Centering Culture in Mental Health: Differences in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Access to Care Among Older People of Color. | Jimenez DE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Changing Age Segregation in the US: 1990 to 2010. | Das Gupta D et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Characterizing the neighborhood risk environment in multisite clinic-based cohort studies: A practical geocoding and data linkages protocol for protected health information. | Nassel A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Childhood eviction and cognitive development: Developmental timing-specific associations in an urban birth cohort. | Schwartz GL et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Clinical outcomes in patients with COPD hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 versus non- SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia. | Sheikh D et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Color disparities in cognitive aging among Puerto Ricans on the archipelago. | Liu MM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Community Interventions for Childhood Asthma ED Visits and Hospitalizations: A Systematic Review. | Gill I et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Comparing proxy and formal measures of county-level racial isolation in race-stratified models: A case study in Tennessee, 2005-2014. | Oka M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Connecting the biology of stress, allostatic load and epigenetics to social structures and processes. | McEwen CA | β | 2022 | β |
| Considerations for the Use of Race in Research in Obstetrics and Gynecology. | Brown O et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Contributions of Social Factors to Disparities in Prostate Cancer Risk Profiles among Black Men and Non-Hispanic White Men with Prostate Cancer in California. | Press DJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cultural trauma as a fundamental cause of health disparities. | Subica AM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cumulative Impacts and COVID-19: Implications for Low-Income, Minoritized, and Health-Compromised Communities in King County, WA. | Ingram C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Defining the social determinants of health for nursing action to achieve health equity: A consensus paper from the American Academy of Nursing. | Kuehnert P et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Differentiating Black and Hispanic: outcome differences of segregated communities and police shootings in the USA, 2015-2020. | Leslie TF et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Diminished Returns in Europe: Socioeconomic Status and Ethno-Racial Health Disparities Across 30 Countries in the European Social Survey. | Bakhtiari E | β | 2022 | β |
| Discrimination in Context: Examining Neighborhood-Level Variation in the Incidence and Adverse Effects of Perceived Racial and Ethnic Discrimination Among Chicago Youth. | Zimmerman GM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Disease characteristics and mortality among Asian women with breast cancer. | Yu AYL et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Disparate impacts on online information access during the Covid-19 pandemic. | Suh J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Disparities in Cardiovascular Mortality Between Black and White Adults in the United States, 1999 to 2019. | Kyalwazi AN et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Disparities in colorectal cancer time-to-treatment and survival time associated with racial and economic residential segregation surrounding the diagnostic hospital, Georgia 2010-2015. | Leslie TF et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Disparities in years of potential life lost among racial and ethnic groups in Washington state. | Amiri S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Does a Rising Median Income Lift All Birth Weights? County Median Income Changes and Low Birth Weight Rates Among Births to Black and White Mothers. | Curtis DS et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Do health trajectories predict neighborhood outcomes? Evidence of health selection in a diverse sample of U.S. adults. | Rolheiser L et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Do social determinants of health explain racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection? | Lee H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Do social isolation and neighborhood walkability influence relationships between COVID-19 experiences and wellbeing in predominantly Black urban areas? | Finucane ML et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Effect of daily school and care disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic on child behavior problems. | Gassman-Pines A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Emotion Regulation, Coercive Parenting, and Child Adjustment: A Serial Mediation Clinical Trial. | Metcalfe RE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Employment status, unemployment duration, and health-related metrics among US adults of prime working age: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2018-2019. | Silver SR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Engaging Public Health Critical Race Praxis in Local Social Determinants of Health Research: The Youth Health Equity and Action Research Training Program in Portland, OR-yHEART<sup>PDX</sup>. | Petteway RJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Environmental Factors Influencing COVID-19 Incidence and Severity. | Weaver AK et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Epigenetic Determinants of Racial Disparity in Breast Cancer: Looking beyond Genetic Alterations. | Joshi S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Evaluating and Modeling Neighborhood Diversity and Health Using Electronic Health Records. | Dalton JE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Exposure to Neighborhood-Level Racial Residential Segregation in Young Adulthood to Midlife and Incident Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Black Adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. | Reddy NM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Foundational Approaches to Advancing Hearing Health Equity: A Primer in Social Epidemiology. | Nieman CL et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Heading Upstream: Strategies to Shift Environmental Justice Research From Disparities to Equity. | CarriΓ³n D et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Health care utilization among women of reproductive age living in public housing: Associations across six public housing sites in San Francisco. | Headen IE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Health Equity and the Dynamism of Structural Racism and Public Policy. | Melton-Fant C | β | 2022 | β |
| Health inequities and the inappropriate use of race in nephrology. | Eneanya ND et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Healthy and thriving: advancing anti-racism evidence and solutions to transform the health of Black communities. | Barber S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Heterogeneity in Disparities in Life Expectancy Across US Metropolitan Areas. | Schnake-Mahl AS et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Historical redlining and food environments: A study of 102 urban areas in the United States. | Li M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Historical Redlining and Resident Exposure to COVID-19: A Study of New York City. | Li M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Historical Redlining Impacts Contemporary Environmental and Asthma-related Outcomes in Black Adults. | Schuyler AJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Home mortgage discrimination and incidence of triple-negative and Luminal A breast cancer among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White females in California, 2006-2015. | Michaels EK et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Hospital value-based payment programs and disparity in the United States: A review of current evidence and future perspectives. | Kim H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Household Wealth and Individuals' Mental Health: Evidence from the 2012-2018 China Family Panel Survey. | Zhang R et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Housing and Cancer Care and Outcomes: A Systematic Review. | Fan Q et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| In the eyes of the beholder: Race, place and health. | Velasquez AJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Investigate the complexities of environmental determinants of sleep health disparities. | Alhasan DM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Invited Commentary: The Need for Repeated Measures and Other Methodological Considerations When Investigating Discrimination as a Contributor to Health. | Gaston SA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| <i>Public Health Reports</i> in 2021: Impact Factor Increase and New Article Collections on Racism and COVID-19. | Kuzmichev A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Is Financial Capability a Determinant of Health? Theory and Evidence. | Sun S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration. | Orendain N et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Life expectancy by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000-19: a systematic analysis of health disparities. | GBD US Health Disparities Collaborators | β | 2022 | β |
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| Moderating Effects of Racial Segregation on the Associations of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Walkability in Chicago Metropolitan Area. | Huang H | β | 2022 | β |
| "Moving on Up? Neighborhood Status and Racism-Related Distress among Black Americans". | DeAngelis RT | β | 2022 | β |
| Multidimensional structural racism predicts birth outcomes for Black and White Minnesotans. | Chantarat T et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Multiple Social Vulnerabilities to Health Disparities and Hypertension and Death in the REGARDS Study. | King JB et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| National Evaluation of Social Determinants of Health in Orthopedic Fracture Care: Decreased Social Determinants of Health Is Associated With Increased Adverse Complications After Surgery. | Kamalapathy PN et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neighborhood-based analysis of adolescent hidradenitis suppurativa prevalence in a large metropolitan area. | Vuong CL et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neighborhood characteristics and dementia symptomology among community-dwelling older adults with Alzheimer's disease. | Alhasan DM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neighborhood Racial and Economic Segregation and Disparities in Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic. | Schleimer JP et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neighborhood segregation, tree cover and firearm violence in 6 U.S. cities, 2015-2020. | Jay J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neighborhood SES and Cognitive Function Among Hispanic/Latinx Residents: Why Where You Live Matters. | Mehdipanah R et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neighborhood social cohesion and serious psychological distress among Asian, Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and White adults in the United States: a cross-sectional study. | Gullett LR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation in Early Childhood Mediates Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure in a College Student Sample. | Nichols OI et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neighborhood socioeconomic inequality based on everyday mobility predicts COVID-19 infection in San Francisco, Seattle, and Wisconsin. | Levy BL et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neural Impacts of Stigma, Racism, and Discrimination. | Grasser LR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| "No One Should Feel Like They're Unsafe": Mobility Justice Photovoice as a Youth Advocacy Tool for Equitable Community Mobility. | Romano EFT et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Novel in-home COVID-19 vaccination program for vulnerable populations using public-private collaboration. | Zhou MS et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Optimizing Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Risk Factors Affecting Perinatal Black/African-American Women with Substance Use Disorder in the United States. | Rodriguez de Lisenko NC et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Out Of Reach: Inequities In The Use Of High-Quality Home Health Agencies. | Fashaw-Walters SA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Outpatient portal use in prenatal care: differential use by race, risk, and area social determinants of health. | Singh P et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Patient characteristics and neighborhood attributes associated with hepatitis C screening and positivity in Philadelphia. | Lee DH et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Pediatric Psychotropic Polypharmacy: An Evaluation of the Correlates and Prevalence Across Assessment Cycles in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. | Bilsky S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Physical and Mental Health Conditions in Childhood, and the Relative Role of Other Adverse Experiences. | Hutchins HJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Place Is Power: Investing in Communities as a Systemic Leverage Point to Reduce Breast Cancer Disparities by Race. | Lyons MJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Predictive models of pregnancy based on data from a preconception cohort study. | Yland JJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Puberty, depressive symptoms, and neighborhood context among African American and Caribbean Black males. | Seaton EK et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Race, mental health, and evictions filings in Memphis, TN, USA. | Melton-Fant C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Race, place, and HIV: The legacies of apartheid and racist policy in South Africa. | Bell GJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Race, Place, And Structural Racism: A Review Of Health And History In Washington, D.C. | King CJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial and Ethnic Disparities Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury Across the Continuum of Care: a Narrative Review and Directions for Future Research. | Saadi A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Racial Differences in Positive Airway Pressure Adherence in the Treatment of Sleep Apnea. | May AM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial Disparities in Incidence of Legionnaires' Disease and Social Determinants of Health: A Narrative Review. | Hunter CM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial Disparities in Neighborhood and Household Socioeconomic Disadvantage Predict Postpartum Weight Retention. | Avorgbedor F et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial Disparities in Spatial and Temporal Youth Suicide Clusters. | Platt JM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial disparities in the management of emergency department patients presenting with psychiatric disorders. | Khatri UG et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial/ethnic and neighbourhood social vulnerability disparities in COVID-19 testing positivity, hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality in a large hospital system in Pennsylvania: A prospective study of electronic health records. | Bilal U et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity: The role of school segregation. | Mahmood N et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial-Ethnic Residential Clustering and Early COVID-19 Vaccine Allocations in Five Urban Texas Counties. | Anderson KF et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Racial/ethnic variations in inflammatory markers: exploring the role of sleep duration and sleep efficiency. | Farmer HR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial Inequities in Self-Rated Health Across Brazilian Cities: Does Residential Segregation Play a Role? | GuimarΓ£es JMN et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racialized Economic Segregation and Breast Cancer Mortality among Women in Maryland. | Connor AE et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Racial Residential Segregation in Young Adulthood and Brain Integrity in Middle Age: Can We Learn From Small Samples? | Zeki Al Hazzouri A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Racial Segregation and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in the United States: Findings From the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study. | Jang JB et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Racism, Health, and Politics: Advancing Interdisciplinary Knowledge. | Michener J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Social Determinants of Health and Impact on Screening, Prevalence, and Management of Diabetic Retinopathy in Adults: A Narrative Review. | Patel D et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Spaces of Segregation and Health: Complex Associations for Black Immigrant and US-Born Mothers in New York City. | Planey AM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Structural Inequalities Established the Architecture for COVID-19 Pandemic Among Native Americans in Arizona: a Geographically Weighted Regression Perspective. | Yellow Horse AJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Structural Racism, Place, and COVID-19: A Narrative Review Describing How We Prepare for an Endemic COVID-19 Future. | Estrada LV et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| The Association of Neighborhood Changes with Health-Related Quality of Life in the Women's Health Initiative. | Chrisinger BW et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| The Identity Vitality-Pathology model: A novel theoretical framework proposing "identity state" as a modulator of the pathways from structural to health inequity. | Bey GS | β | 2022 | β |
| The impact of anticipated, vicarious, and experienced racial and ethnic discrimination on depression and suicidal behavior among Chicago youth. | Zimmerman GM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
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| Acknowledgment of the Legacy of Racism and Discrimination. | PΓ©rez-Stable EJ et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| A Critical Theoretical Approach to Cancer Disparities: Breast Cancer and the Social Determinants of Health. | Gehlert S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| COVID-19, the Built Environment, and Health. | Frumkin H | β | 2021 | β |
| Cross-Sectional Examination of Musculoskeletal Pain and Physical Function in a Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Sample of Adults. | Sardina AL et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Death and taxes: Examining the racial inequality in premature death across neighborhoods. | Zuberi A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Defining and Intervening on Cumulative Environmental Neurodevelopmental Risks: Introducing a Complex Systems Approach. | Payne-Sturges DC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Developing a Database of Structural Racism-Related State Laws for Health Equity Research and Practice in the United States. | AgΓ©nor M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Development of an instrument to measure perceived gentrification for health research: Perceptions about changes in environments and residents (PACER). | Hirsch JA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| Estimating exposure to neighborhood crime by race and ethnicity for public health research. | Lodge EK et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| Health Equity Among Black Women in the United States. | Chinn JJ et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Health Power Resources Theory: A Relational Approach to the Study of Health Inequalities. | Reynolds MM | β | 2021 | β |
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| HIV Infection Prevalence Significantly Intersects With COVID-19 Infection At the Area Level: A US County-Level Analysis. | Luan H et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| How Structural Racism Works - Racist Policies as a Root Cause of U.S. Racial Health Inequities. | Bailey ZD et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Impact of Residential Racial Integration on Postoperative Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries Undergoing Resection for Cancer. | Paro A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Improvements in Neighborhood Socioeconomic Conditions May Improve Resident Diet. | Richardson AS et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Incorporating Measures of Structural Racism into Population Studies of Reproductive Health in the United States: A Narrative Review. | Alson JG et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Insulin Resistance, Serum Calcium and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Multiracial Population, and a Similarity Assessment of Results from a Single-Race Population's Study. | Ngo Nkondjock VR et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| Longitudinal Effects of Transportation Vulnerability on the Association Between Racial/Ethnic Segregation and Youth Cardiovascular Health. | D'Agostino EM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Lower serum 25(OH)D levels associated with higher risk of COVID-19 infection in U.S. Black women. | Cozier YC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Making the "C-ACE" for a Culturally-Informed Adverse Childhood Experiences Framework to Understand the Pervasive Mental Health Impact of Racism on Black Youth. | Bernard DL et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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