Mammalian neutral sphingomyelinases: regulation and roles in cell signaling responses.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Wu, Bill X; Clarke, Christopher J; Hannun, Yusuf A
- Year
- 2010
- Journal
- Neuromolecular medicine
- PMID
- 20552297
- DOI
- 10.1007/s12017-010-8120-z
- PMCID
- PMC3405913
Ceramide, a bioactive lipid, has been extensively studied and identified as an essential bioactive molecule in mediating cellular signaling pathways. Sphingomyelinase (SMase), (EC 3.1.4.12) catalyzes the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond in sphingomyelin (SM) to form ceramide and phosphocholine. In mammals, three Mg(2+)-dependent neutral SMases termed nSMase1, nSMase2 and nSMase3 have been identified. Among the three enzymes, nSMase2 is the most studied and has been implicated in multiple physiological responses including cell growth arrest, apoptosis, development and inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent findings for the cloned nSMases and discuss the insights for their roles in regulation ceramide metabolism and cellular signaling pathway.
Schematic illustration of domains in human nSMases, nSMase1 (GenBank accession numbers O60906), nSMase2 (GenBank accession numbers Q9NY59) and nSMase3 (GenBank accession numbers NP060421).
Signaling roles of nSMases. Studies on nSMases1β3 have led to the identification of many activators and potential physiological roles of nSMases.
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