Genetic susceptibility to heroin addiction: a candidate gene association study.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Levran, O; Londono, D; O'Hara, K; Nielsen, D A; Peles, E; Rotrosen, J; Casadonte, P; Linzy, S; Randesi, M; Ott, J; Adelson, M; Kreek, M J
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Genes, brain, and behavior
- PMID
- 18518925
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2008.00410.x
- PMCID
- PMC2885890
Heroin addiction is a chronic complex disease with a substantial genetic contribution. This study was designed to identify genetic variants that are associated with susceptibility to develop heroin addiction by analyzing 1350 variants in 130 candidate genes. All subjects had Caucasian ancestry. The sample consisted of 412 former severe heroin addicts in methadone treatment, and 184 healthy controls with no history of drug abuse. Nine variants, in six genes, showed the lowest nominal P values in the association tests (P < 0.01). These variants were in noncoding regions of the genes encoding the mu (OPRM1; rs510769 and rs3778151), kappa (OPRK1; rs6473797) and delta (OPRD1; rs2236861, rs2236857 and rs3766951) opioid receptors; the neuropeptide galanin (GAL; rs694066); the serotonin receptor subtype 3B (HTR3B; rs3758987) and the casein kinase 1 isoform epsilon (CSNK1E; rs1534891). Several haplotypes and multilocus genotype patterns showed nominally significant associations (e.g. OPRM1; P = 0.0006 and CSNK1E; P = 0.0007). Analysis of a combined effect of OPRM1 and OPRD1 showed that rs510769 and rs2236861 increase the risk of heroin addiction (P = 0.0005). None of these associations remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. This study suggests the involvement of several genes and variants in heroin addiction, which is worthy of future study.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks โ full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cocaine-Induced Changes in the BRD4 Interactome Identifies Casein Kinase 1 Epsilon as a Therapeutic Target. | Seyednejad A et al. | โ | 2026 | โ |
| Preclinical abuse potential testing using behavioral economics and drug self-administration demand-curve analysis: A strategy to improve resolution of drug stratification for regulatory control. | Banks ML et al. | โ | 2026 | โ |
| Biochemical Diagnosis in Substance and Non-substance Addiction. | Shen W et al. | โ | 2025 | โ |
| Genetic and Epigenetic Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder. | Ranadeva ND et al. | โ | 2025 | โ |
| <i>Kappa</i>-opioid receptor gene (<i>OPRK1</i>) variations associated with opioid abstinence behaviors among chronic heroin users. | Greenwald MK et al. | โ | 2025 | โ |
| Nerve growth factor gene polymorphisms may be associated with heroin dependence in women but do not mediate specific personality traits. | Kuo SC et al. | โ | 2025 | โ |
| Circadian clock gene polymorphisms implicated in human pathologies. | Janoski JR et al. | โ | 2024 | โ |
| Genetic factors associated with suicidal behaviors and alcohol use disorders in an American Indian population. | Peng Q et al. | โ | 2024 | โ |
| Sex- and Substance-Specific Associations of Circadian-Related Genes with Addiction in the UK Biobank Cohort Implicate Neuroplasticity Pathways. | Khan A et al. | โ | 2024 | โ |
| SNP analysis of stress-related genes reveals significant correlations with drug addiction in Jordan. | Al-Eitan L et al. | โ | 2024 | โ |
| Association of <i>OPRK1</i> rs963549 and rs997917 polymorphisms with opioid use disorder and related phenotypes. | รzkan-Kotiloฤlu S et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Genetic Factors Associated with Suicidal Behaviors and Alcohol Use Disorders in an American Indian Population | Peng Q et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Invited Expert Opinion- Bioinformatic and Limitation Directives to Help Adopt Genetic Addiction Risk Screening and Identify Preaddictive Reward Dysregulation: Required Analytic Evidence to Induce Dopamine Homeostatsis. | Blum K et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Methylation and expression quantitative trait loci rs1799971 in the OPRM1 gene and rs4654327 in the OPRD1 gene are associated with opioid use disorder. | Yu J et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Predictors of treatment retention and survival among methadone-maintained patients: A possible role for a functional delta opioid receptor gene variant. | Peles E et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Analyses of polymorphisms of intron 2 of OPRK1 (kappa-opioid receptor gene) in association with opioid and cocaine dependence diagnoses in an African-American population. | Yuferov V et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Epigenetic Modulation of Opioid Receptors by Drugs of Abuse. | Reid KZ et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Kappa Opioid Signaling at the Crossroads of Chronic Pain and Opioid Addiction. | Cahill CM et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Multi-trait genome-wide association study of opioid addiction: OPRM1 and beyond. | Gaddis N et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Mu opioid receptor gene variant modulates subjective response to smoked cannabis. | Bourgault Z et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Pharmacogenetics of Addiction Therapy. | Graham DP et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Preoperative Opioid Use Predicts Postoperative Opioid Use and Inferior Clinically Notable Outcomes After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty. | Lu Y et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| A review of the existing literature on buprenorphine pharmacogenomics. | Meaden CW et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Association of Serotonin Transporter (SERT) Polymorphisms with Opioid Dependence and Dimensional Aspects of Cocaine Use in a Caucasian Cohort of Opioid Users. | Yuferov V et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| A systems omics-based approach to decode substance use disorders and neuroadaptations. | Veerappa A et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Differential behavioral functioning in the offspring of rats with high vs. low self-administration of the opioid agonist remifentanil. | Rezvani AH et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Haplotype-based association study of Opioid Receptor Kappa-type 1 (OPRK1) gene polymorphisms with nicotine dependence among male smokers. | Albonaim A et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Identification of a sex-stratified genetic algorithm for opioid addiction risk. | Bright D et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Opioid Addiction and Opioid Receptor Dimerization: Structural Modeling of the OPRD1 and OPRM1 Heterodimer and Its Signaling Pathways. | Wu B et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| OPRD1 SNPs associated with opioid addiction are cis-eQTLs for the phosphatase and actin regulator 4 gene, PHACTR4, a mediator of cytoskeletal dynamics. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Polymorphisms in Stress-Related Genes Are Associated with Reduced Cocaine Abuse and Longer Retention in Methadone Maintenance Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder. | Peles E et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Population-specific genetic background for the OPRM1 variant rs1799971 (118A>G): implications for genomic medicine and functional analysis. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Systems genetic analysis of binge-like eating in a C57BL/6J x DBA/2J-F2 cross. | Yao EJ et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Tobacco-induced sleep disturbances: A systematic review and meta-analysis. | Catoire S et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Further evidence for the association of <i>GAL</i>, <i>GALR1</i>ย and <i>NPY1R</i>ย variants with opioid dependence. | Randesi M et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Genetic polymorphisms in the opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) gene are associated with methadone dose in methadone maintenance treatment for heroin dependence. | Fang CP et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Haplotype-Based Association and In Silico Studies of OPRM1 Gene Variants with Susceptibility to Opioid Dependence Among Addicted Iranians Undergoing Methadone Treatment. | Tolami HF et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Increased expression of plasma hsa-miR-181a in male patients with heroin addiction use disorder. | Xu W et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Neuropharmacological and Neurogenetic Correlates of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) As a Function of Ethnicity: Relevance to Precision Addiction Medicine. | Abijo T et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Pharmacogenomics of Pain Management: The Impact of Specific Biological Polymorphisms on Drugs and Metabolism. | Cornett EM et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Role of OPRM1, clinical and anthropometric variants in neonatal pain reduction. | Erbi I et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Variants of opioid genes and response to treatment of opioid use disorder with buprenorphine-naloxone versus extended-release naltrexone in Caucasians. | Randesi M et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| A 3' UTR SNP rs885863, a cis-eQTL for the circadian gene VIPR2 and lincRNA 689, is associated with opioid addiction. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| A review of opioid addiction genetics. | Crist RC et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Assessing the contribution of opioid- and dopamine-related genetic polymorphisms to the abuse liability of oxycodone. | Jones JD et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Molecular Imaging of Opioid and Dopamine Systems: Insights Into the Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Use Disorders. | Burns JA et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Opioid-galanin receptor heteromers differentiate the dopaminergic effects of morphine and methadone. | Serafini RA et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Postoperative Opioid Abuse. | Zhao S et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Significant association of DRD2 enhancer variant rs12364283 with heroin addiction in a Pakistani population. | Jabeen S et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Statistical Methods and Software for Substance Use and Dependence Genetic Research. | Lan T et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| VMAT2 gene (<i>SLC18A2</i>) variants associated with a greater risk for developing opioid dependence. | Randesi M et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| A non-coding CRHR2 SNP rs255105, a cis-eQTL for a downstream lincRNA AC005154.6, is associated with heroin addiction. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Chronic Oxycodone Self-administration Altered Reward-related Genes in the Ventral and Dorsal Striatum of C57BL/6J Mice: An RNA-seq Analysis. | Zhang Y et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Dopamine gene variants in opioid addiction: comparison of dependent patients, nondependent users and healthy controls. | Randesi M et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Exposure to environmental enrichment attenuates addiction-like behavior and alters molecular effects of heroin self-administration in rats. | Imperio CG et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Genetic association analyses and meta-analysis of Dynorphin-Kappa Opioid system potential functional variants with heroin dependence. | Yuanyuan J et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Genetic variations in genes of the stress response pathway are associated with prolonged abstinence from heroin. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Hypermethylation of the ฮบ1 opioid receptor promoter in Chinese heroin and methamphetamine addicts. | Ji H et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Molecular Genetics and New Medication Strategies for Opioid Addiction. | Hurd YL et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| OPRD1 Genetic Variation and Human Disease. | Crist RC et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Oprm1 A112G, a single nucleotide polymorphism, alters expression of stress-responsive genes in multiple brain regions in male and female mice. | Collins D et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Association of maternal and infant variants in PNOC and COMT genes with neonatal abstinence syndrome severity. | Wachman EM et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Association of OPRD1 Gene Variants with Opioid Dependence in Addicted Male Individuals Undergoing Methadone Treatment in the North of Iran. | Sharafshah A et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Association of OPRK1 gene polymorphisms with opioid dependence in addicted men undergoing methadone treatment in an Iranian population. | Albonaim A et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Association of Variants of Arginine Vasopressin and Arginineย Vasopressin Receptor 1A With Severe Acetaminophenย Liver Injury. | Randesi M et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Biochemical Diagnosis in Substance and Non-substance Addiction. | Shen W et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Casein kinase 1-epsilon deletion increases mu opioid receptor-dependent behaviors and binge eating1. | Goldberg LR et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Emergent biomarker derived from next-generation sequencing to identify pain patients requiring uncommonly high opioid doses. | Kringel D et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Functional ฮผ-Opioid-Galanin Receptor Heteromers in the Ventral Tegmental Area. | Moreno E et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Hormones and Neuropeptide Receptor Heteromers in the Ventral Tegmental Area. Targets for the Treatment of Loss of Control of Food Intake and Substance Use Disorders. | Ferrรฉ S | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Satisfaction With Methadone and Opioid Receptor Genes Polymorphisms in Treatment-Refractory Heroin-Dependent Patients. | Pรฉrez de Los Cobos J et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| The ฮผ-opioid receptor nonsynonymous variant 118A>G is associated with prolonged abstinence from heroin without agonist treatment. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Abnormal white matter structural networks characterize heroin-dependent individuals: a network analysis. | Zhang R et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| African-specific variability in the acetylcholine muscarinic receptor M4: association with cocaine and heroin addiction. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Association of the OPRM1 Variant rs1799971 (A118G) with Non-Specific Liability to Substance Dependence in a Collaborative de novo Meta-Analysis of European-Ancestry Cohorts. | Schwantes-An TH et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Genome-Wide Association of Heroin Dependence in Han Chinese. | Kalsi G et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Glutamatergic and GABAergic susceptibility loci for heroin and cocaine addiction in subjects of African and European ancestry. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| H4K5 histone acetylation of <i>BRG1</i> is associated with heroin administration rather than addiction. | Xu L et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor gene variation is associated with smoking status in Japanese. | Kasai S et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Polymorphisms in the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B gene are associated with heroin dependence in the Chinese Han population. | Yin F et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Relationship among methadone dose, polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor and tri-dimensional personality questionnaire in heroin-addicted patients. | Huang MW et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Searching for evidence of genetic mediation of opioid withdrawal by opioid receptor gene polymorphisms. | Jones JD et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Systems genetic and pharmacological analysis identifies candidate genes underlying mechanosensation in the von Frey test. | Young EE et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Variants of opioid system genes are associated with non-dependent opioid use and heroin dependence. | Randesi M et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| A review of pharmacogenetic studies of substance-related disorders. | Jones JD et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Cis-Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Reveals Replicable Associations with Heroin Addiction in OPRM1. | Hancock DB et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Genetics and epigenetics of circadian rhythms and their potential roles in neuropsychiatric disorders. | Liu C et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Identification of circadian gene variants in bipolar disorder in Latino populations. | Gonzalez R et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Overlapping dopaminergic pathway genetic susceptibility to heroin and cocaine addictions in African Americans. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of galanin peptides and receptors: three decades of emerging diversity. | Lang R et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Susceptibility loci for heroin and cocaine addiction in the serotonergic and adrenergic pathways in populations of different ancestry. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Synaptic Plasticity and Signal Transduction Gene Polymorphisms and Vulnerability to Drug Addictions in Populations of European or African Ancestry. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| The role of opioidergic genes in the treatment outcome of drug addiction pharmacotherapy: A systematic review. | Bauer IE et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| The role of serotonin in drug use and addiction. | Mรผller CP et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Variations in opioid receptor genes in neonatal abstinence syndrome. | Wachman EM et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Alteration of behavioral changes and hippocampus galanin expression in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression rats and effect of electroacupuncture treatment. | Mo Y et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| A population-based association study of casein kinase 1 epsilon loci with heroin dependence in Han Chinese. | Wang Y et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Association of OPRD1 polymorphisms with heroin dependence in a large case-control series. | Nelson EC et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Association of ฮผ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) haplotypes with postoperative nausea and vomiting. | Sugino S et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Brain galanin system genes interact with life stresses in depression-related phenotypes. | Juhasz G et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Circadian pathway genes in relation to glioma risk and outcome. | Madden MH et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Dopaminergic pathway polymorphisms and heroin addiction: further support for association of CSNK1E variants. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Drug addiction and stress-response genetic variability: association study in African Americans. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Evaluating the role of a galanin enhancer genotype on a range of metabolic, depressive and addictive phenotypes. | Richardson TG et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Extended access oxycodone self-administration and neurotransmitter receptor gene expression in the dorsal striatum of adult C57BL/6ย J mice. | Zhang Y et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Genetics of opiate addiction. | Reed B et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Genetic variation in OPRD1 and the response to treatment for opioid dependence with buprenorphine in European-American females. | Clarke TK et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Introduction to deep sequencing and its application to drug addiction research with a focus on rare variants. | Wang S et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Orquestic regulation of neurotransmitters on reward-seeking behavior. | Arias-Carriรณn O et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Pharmacogenetics of addiction therapy. | Nielsen DA et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Pharmacogenetics of OPRM1. | Crist RC et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Serum proteomic analysis reveals high frequency of haptoglobin deficiency and elevated thyroxine level in heroin addicts. | Zhou BY et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Stress-related genes and heroin addiction: a role for a functional FKBP5 haplotype. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| The association of genetic polymorphisms in the ฮบ-opioid receptor 1 gene with body weight, alcohol use, and withdrawal symptoms in patients with methadone maintenance. | Wang SC et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| An intronic variant in OPRD1 predicts treatment outcome for opioid dependence in African-Americans. | Crist RC et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| ANKK1, TTC12, and NCAM1 polymorphisms and heroin dependence: importance of considering drug exposure. | Nelson EC et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Association of genetic variation in pharmacodynamic factors with methadone dose required for effective treatment of opioid addiction. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Association of polymorphisms in pharmacogenetic candidate genes (OPRD1, GAL, ABCB1, OPRM1) with opioid dependence in European population: a case-control study. | Beer B et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Case-control association analysis of polymorphisms in the ฮด-opioid receptor, OPRD1, with cocaine and opioid addicted populations. | Crist RC et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Distinct features of neurotransmitter systems in the human brain with focus on the galanin system in locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe. | Le Maรฎtre E et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Low frequency genetic variants in the ฮผ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) affect risk for addiction to heroin and cocaine. | Clarke TK et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| The ฮบ-opioid receptor gene as a predictor of response in a cocaine vaccine clinical trial. | Nielsen DA et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Association of polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor gene with the severity of HIV infection and response to HIV treatment. | Proudnikov D et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Association study of the ฮฒ-arrestin 2 gene (ARRB2) with opioid and cocaine dependence in a European-American population. | Ambrose-Lanci LM et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Common and specific liability to addiction: approaches to association studies of opioid addiction. | Nielsen DA et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Csnk1e is a genetic regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids. | Bryant CD et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Estimating ancestral proportions in a multi-ethnic US sample: implications for studies of admixed populations. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Genetic association analyses of PDYN polymorphisms with heroin and cocaine addiction. | Clarke TK et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Genetic factors modulating the response to stimulant drugs in humans. | Hart AB et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Genome-wide association for methamphetamine sensitivity in an advanced intercross mouse line. | Parker CC et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Inhibition of the casein-kinase-1-ฮต/ฮด/ prevents relapse-like alcohol drinking. | Perreau-Lenz S et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in LG/J and SM/J mouse strains and an F45/F46 advanced intercross line. | Bryant CD et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Nerve growth factor ฮฒ polypeptide (NGFB) genetic variability: association with the methadone dose required for effective maintenance treatment. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Opiate addiction and cocaine addiction: underlying molecular neurobiology and genetics. | Kreek MJ et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and receptor genes: susceptibility to substance abuse. | Herman AI et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| The 5-HT3B subunit affects high-potency inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors by morphine. | Baptista-Hon DT et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| The application of genomic and molecular data in the treatment of chronic cancer pain. | Turabi A et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| The genetics of the opioid system and specific drug addictions. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Translational genetic approaches to substance use disorders: bridging the gap between mice and humans. | Palmer AA et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| ฮบ-opioid receptor/dynorphin system: genetic and pharmacotherapeutic implications for addiction. | Butelman ER et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Casein kinase 1 enables nucleus accumbens amphetamine-induced locomotion by regulating AMPA receptor phosphorylation. | Li D et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Haplotype block structure of the genomic region of the mu opioid receptor gene. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Molecular mechanisms of opioid receptor-dependent signaling and behavior. | Al-Hasani R et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| No evidence of association between 118A>G OPRM1 polymorphism and heroin dependence in a large Bulgarian case-control sample. | Nikolov MA et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| OPRM1 gene variants modulate amphetamine-induced euphoria in humans. | Dlugos AM et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Pharmacogenomics of the human ยต-opioid receptor. | Kasai S et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Possible association between human blood types and opioid addiction. | Aflatoonian MR et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Substance use disorders assessed using the Kreek-McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg (KMSK) scale in an urban low-income and predominantly African American sample of primary care patients. | Tang YL et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| The galanin receptor 1 gene associates with tobacco craving in smokers seeking cessation treatment. | Lori A et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Dopamine and serotonin transporter availability in chronic heroin users: a [ยนยฒยณI]ฮฒ-CIT SPECT imaging study. | Cosgrove KP et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Drug-induced and genetic alterations in stress-responsive systems: Implications for specific addictive diseases. | Zhou Y et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Effects of galanin on monoaminergic systems and HPA axis: Potential mechanisms underlying the effects of galanin on addiction- and stress-related behaviors. | Picciotto MR et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Ethnic diversity of DNA methylation in the OPRM1 promoter region in lymphocytes of heroin addicts. | Nielsen DA et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Gender-specific association of galanin polymorphisms with HPA-axis dysregulation, symptom severity, and antidepressant treatment response. | Unschuld PG et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Genome-wide association studies and the problem of relatedness among advanced intercross lines and other highly recombinant populations. | Cheng R et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Overview and historical perspective of four papers presented on research related to the endogenous opioid system. | Kreek MJ | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Pharmacogenetics of drug dependence: role of gene variations in susceptibility and treatment. | Khokhar JY et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Search for genetic markers and functional variants involved in the development of opiate and cocaine addiction and treatment. | Yuferov V et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| A functional haplotype implicated in vulnerability to develop cocaine dependence is associated with reduced PDYN expression in human brain. | Yuferov V et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| A major QTL on chromosome 11 influences psychostimulant and opioid sensitivity in mice. | Bryant CD et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Association of IL-1B genetic polymorphisms with an increased risk of opioid and alcohol dependence. | Liu L et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Effects of galanin on cocaine-mediated conditioned place preference and ERK signaling in mice. | Narasimhaiah R et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2008. | Bodnar RJ | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Heroin addiction in African Americans: a hypothesis-driven association study. | Levran O et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Opiate and cocaine addiction: from bench to clinic and back to the bench. | Kreek MJ et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| The 8th annual pharmacogenetics in psychiatry meeting report. | Aitchison K et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |