Mu opioid receptor gene variants: lack of association with alcohol dependence.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Bergen, A W; Kokoszka, J; Peterson, R; Long, J C; Virkkunen, M; Linnoila, M; Goldman, D
- Year
- 1997
- Journal
- Molecular psychiatry
- PMID
- 9399694
- DOI
- 10.1038/sj.mp.4000331
The mu opioid receptor is implicated in the reward, tolerance and withdrawal effects of alcohol and other drugs of abuse. This hypothesis is supported by the effects of alcohol on beta-endorphin release, of mu opioid receptor agonists and antagonists on alcohol consumption, and by the activation of the dopaminergic reward system by both alcohol and opiates. In addition, the murine mu opioid receptor locus, Oprm, is implicated as the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) affecting the different levels of morphine consumption between two inbred mouse strains that also exhibit differences in alcohol and cocaine consumption. Detection of genetic variation affecting OPRM1 expression or mu opioid receptor function would be an important step towards understanding the origins of inter-individual variation in response to mu opioid receptor ligands and in diseases of substance dependence. We directly sequenced the human mu opioid receptor locus, OPRM1, to detect natural variation that might affect function and/or be associated with psychiatric phenotypes related to opioid function. Four DNA sequence variants were found: three non-synonymous substitutions (Ala6Val [rare], Asn40Asp, [0.10-0.16], Ser147Cys [rare]) and one intronic variant (IVS2+691G/C [0.55-0.63]). OPRM1 alleles, genotypes and haplotypes from three psychiatrically characterized population samples (US Caucasian [USC, n=100], Finnish Caucasian [FC, n=324] and Southwestern American Indian [SAI, n=367]), were used to perform association and sib-pair linkage analyses with alcohol and drug dependence diagnoses. No significant association of OPRM1 genetic variation to phenotype was observed. This analysis has 80% power to detect a small to moderate effect of OPRM1 variation on alcohol dependence and 100% power to detect effects of the magnitude of the ALDH2*2 variant. While these data do not support a role of the mu opioid receptor in susceptibility to alcohol dependence, the potential relationship between OPRM1 genetic variation and response to endogenous opioids and exogenous opiates can now be investigated.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional differences in the mu opioid receptor SNP 118A>G are dependent on receptor splice-variant andΒ agonist-specific recruitment of Ξ²-arrestin. | Patrick C et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Introduction: Approved treatments for alcohol use disorder by regulatory agencies. | Camarini R et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Allele frequency and genotype distribution of the opioid receptor ΞΌ-1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism in the Western Saudi population. | Bagher AM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Association between opioid and dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms OPRM1 rs1799971, DAT VNTR 9-10 repeat allele, DRD1 rs4532 and DRD2 rs1799732 and alcohol dependence: an ethnicity oriented meta-analysis. | Suresh N et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The life and times of endogenous opioid peptides: Updated understanding of synthesis, spatiotemporal dynamics, and the clinical impact in alcohol use disorder. | Margolis EB et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Alcohol Use Disorder: Neurobiology and Therapeutics. | Yang W et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Mu opioid receptor gene variant modulates subjective response to smoked cannabis. | Bourgault Z et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics of Addiction Therapy. | Graham DP et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genetic Vulnerability to Opioid Addiction. | Reed B et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Differential sensitivity of human neurons carrying ΞΌ opioid receptor (MOR) N40D variants in response to ethanol. | Scarnati MS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Murine model of OPRM1 A118G alters oxycodone self-administration and locomotor activation, but not conditioned place preference. | Collins D et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Social withdrawal: An initially adaptive behavior that becomes maladaptive when expressed excessively. | Ike KGO et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The Streetlight Effect: Reappraising the Study of Addiction in Light of the Findings of Genome-wide Association Studies. | Hall FS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Associations among the opioid receptor gene (<i>OPRM1</i>) A118G polymorphism, psychiatric symptoms, and quantitative EEG in Korean males with gambling disorder: A pilot study. | Kim KM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Binge-Like Eating Is Not Influenced by the Murine Model of <i>OPRM1</i> A118G Polymorphism. | Sachdeo BLY et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Endogenous opioid system dysregulation in depression: implications for new therapeutic approaches. | PeciΓ±a M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Opioid Addiction, Genetic Susceptibility, and Medical Treatments: A Review. | Wang SC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Synaptic Regulation by OPRM1 Variants in Reward Neurocircuitry. | Popova D et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The association between the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and addiction in a Turkish population. | TΓΌrkan H et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The influence of the OPRM1 (A118G) polymorphism on behavioral and neural correlates of aggression in healthy males. | Weidler C et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The prevalence of ADH1B and OPRM1 alleles predisposing for alcohol consumption are increased in the Hungarian psoriasis population. | Szentkereszty-KovΓ‘cs Z et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Genotype-Guided Treatment Allocation in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders Using Naltrexone or Acamprosate, Using a Modeling Approach. | Sluiter RL et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Elevated levels of DNA methylation at the OPRM1 promoter region in men with opioid use disorder. | Ebrahimi G et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Expectancy Modulation of Opioid Neurotransmission. | Pecina M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Implication of OPRM1 A118G Polymorphism in Opioids Addicts in Pakistan: In vitro and In silico Analysis. | Ahmed M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Increased ethanol drinking in "humanized" mice expressing the mu opioid receptor A118G polymorphism are mediated through sex-specific mechanisms. | Henderson-Redmond AN et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Neurobiology of Opioid Use Disorder and Comorbid Traumatic Brain Injury. | Kosten TR et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Opioid system and human emotions. | Nummenmaa L et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Oprm1 A112G, a single nucleotide polymorphism, alters expression of stress-responsive genes in multiple brain regions in male and female mice. | Collins D et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Parental overcontrol x OPRM1 genotype interaction predicts school-aged children's sympathetic nervous system activation in response to performance challenge. | Partington LC et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Convergent Balancing Selection on the Mu-Opioid Receptor in Primates. | Sweeney CG et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic variation in the behavioral effects of buprenorphine in female mice derived from a murine model of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism. | Browne CA et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Interaction Between the ΞΌ-Opioid Receptor Gene and the Number of Heavy-Drinking Peers on Alcohol Use. | Zaso MJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Lack of associations of the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) with alcohol dependence: review and meta-analysis of retrospective controlled studies. | Kong X et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Review: Genetic and environmental risk factors for alcohol use disorders in American Indians and Alaskan Natives. | Enoch MA et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Alcohol addiction and the mu-opioid receptor. | Berrettini W | β | 2016 | β |
| Association of the OPRM1 Variant rs1799971 (A118G) with Non-Specific Liability to Substance Dependence in a Collaborative de novo Meta-Analysis of European-Ancestry Cohorts. | Schwantes-An TH et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Association study of DRD2 A2/A1, DRD3 Ser9Gly, DΞ²H -1021C>T, OPRM1 A118G and GRIK1 rs2832407C>A polymorphisms with alcohol dependence. | Ragia G et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Morphine-induced antinociception and reward in "humanized" mice expressing the mu opioid receptor A118G polymorphism. | Henderson-Redmond AN et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Opioid neuroscience for addiction medicine: From animal models to FDA approval for alcohol addiction. | Berrettini W | β | 2016 | β |
| T394A Mutation at the ΞΌ Opioid Receptor Blocks Opioid Tolerance and Increases Vulnerability to Heroin Self-Administration in Mice. | Wang XF et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| What does addiction medicine expect from neuroscience? From genes and neurons to treatment responses. | Le Foll B | β | 2016 | β |
| Alcohol Consumption in Healthy OPRM1 G Allele Carriers and Its Association with Impulsive Behavior. | Pfeifer P et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Cellular signalling of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the human ΞΌ-opioid receptor (OPRM1). | Knapman A et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Detection of mu opioid receptor (MOPR) and its glycosylation in rat and mouse brains by western blot with anti-ΞΌC, an affinity-purified polyclonal anti-MOPR antibody. | Huang P et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Functional mu opioid receptor polymorphism (OPRM1 A(118) G) associated with heroin use outcomes in Caucasian males: A pilot study. | Woodcock EA et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Human population genetic structure detected by pain-related mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms. | LΓ³pez Soto EJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Mouse model of OPRM1 (A118G) polymorphism increases sociability and dominance and confers resilience to social defeat. | Briand LA et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Prevalence of pain-related single nucleotide polymorphisms in patients of African origin with sickle cell disease. | Jhun EH et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Brain region- and sex-specific alterations in DAMGO-stimulated [(35) S]GTPΞ³S binding in mice with Oprm1 A112G. | Wang YJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic influences on response to alcohol and response to pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. | Enoch MA | β | 2014 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics of addiction therapy. | Nielsen DA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics of OPRM1. | Crist RC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Advances in genetic studies of substance abuse in China. | Sun Y et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Evidence for a genetic component for substance dependence in Native Americans. | Ehlers CL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genotyping the Mu-opioid receptor A118G polymorphism using the real-time amplification refractory mutation system: allele frequency distribution among Brazilians. | Daher M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Implications of genome wide association studies for addiction: are our a priori assumptions all wrong? | Hall FS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Opioid pharmacogenetics of alcohol addiction. | Berrettini W | β | 2013 | β |
| Opioid system genes in alcoholism: a case-control study in Croatian population. | Cupic B et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Opioid therapy pharmacogenomics for noncancer pain: efficacy, adverse events, and costs. | Xu Y et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| OPRM1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the plasma nicotine metabolite cotinine concentration in methadone maintenance patients: a cross sectional study. | Chen YT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Peter Riederer "70th birthday" neurobiological foundations of modern addiction treatment. | Jacob C | β | 2013 | β |
| The ΞΌ-opioid receptor and treatment response to naltrexone. | Thorsell A | β | 2013 | β |
| Variation in OPRM1 moderates the effect of desire to drink on subsequent drinking and its attenuation by naltrexone treatment. | Kranzler HR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| ΞΌ-Opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphism A118G: lack of association in Finnish populations with alcohol dependence or alcohol consumption. | Rouvinen-LagerstrΓΆm N et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A118G mu opioid receptor polymorphism among drug addicts in Malaysia. | Nagaya D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A C17T polymorphism in the mu opiate receptor is associated with quantitative measures of drug use in African American women. | Crystal HA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| A common single nucleotide polymorphism A118G of theΒ ΞΌ opioid receptor alters its N-glycosylation and protein stability. | Huang P et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Common and specific liability to addiction: approaches to association studies of opioid addiction. | Nielsen DA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Ethnic-specific meta-analyses of association between the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and alcohol dependence among Asians and Caucasians. | Chen D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic factors modulating the response to stimulant drugs in humans. | Hart AB et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Influence of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism on alcohol-induced euphoria, risk for alcoholism and the clinical efficacy of naltrexone. | Setiawan E et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a predictor of treatment outcome in opiate-dependent individuals of Arab descent. | Al-Eitan LN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Pain intensity the first year after lumbar disc herniation is associated with the A118G polymorphism in the opioid receptor mu 1 gene: evidence of a sex and genotype interaction. | Olsen MB et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Personalized treatment of alcohol dependence. | Kranzler HR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics of naltrexone in asian americans: a randomized placebo-controlled laboratory study. | Ray LA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Pharmacogenomics of opioids and perioperative pain management. | Sadhasivam S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Possible association between OPRM1 genetic variance at the 118 locus and alcohol dependence in a large treatment sample: relationship to alcohol dependence symptoms. | Koller G et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Reduced expression of the ΞΌ opioid receptor in some, but not all, brain regions in mice with OPRM1 A112G. | Wang YJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Testing multiple levels of influence in the intergenerational transmission of alcohol disorders from a developmental perspective: the example of alcohol use promoting peers and ΞΌ-opioid receptor M1 variation. | Chassin L et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetics of the opioid system and specific drug addictions. | Levran O et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The role of the Asn40Asp polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) on alcoholism etiology and treatment: a critical review. | Ray LA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Pharmacogenetic approaches to the treatment of alcohol addiction. | Heilig M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Pharmacogenomics of the human Β΅-opioid receptor. | Kasai S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Pilot study examining the frequency of several gene polymorphisms involved in morphine pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in a morbidly obese population. | Lloret Linares C et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The effect of naltrexone on alcohol's stimulant properties and self-administration behavior in social drinkers: influence of gender and genotype. | Setiawan E et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Drug-induced and genetic alterations in stress-responsive systems: Implications for specific addictive diseases. | Zhou Y et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Initial evidence of an association between OPRM1 and adolescent alcohol misuse. | Miranda R et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| OPRM1 and CYP2B6 gene variants as risk factors in methadone-related deaths. | Bunten H et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| OPRM1 SNP (A118G): involvement in disease development, treatment response, and animal models. | Mague SD et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Overview and historical perspective of four papers presented on research related to the endogenous opioid system. | Kreek MJ | β | 2010 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics of alcohol and alcohol dependence treatment. | Kranzler HR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Polymorphisms of the mu-opioid receptor and dopamine D4 receptor genes and subjective responses to alcohol in the natural environment. | Ray LA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Single-nucleotide polymorphism (A118G) in exon 1 of OPRM1 gene causes alteration in downstream signaling by mu-opioid receptor and may contribute to the genetic risk for addiction. | Deb I et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Subjective responses to alcohol consumption as endophenotypes: advancing behavioral genetics in etiological and treatment models of alcoholism. | Ray LA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| A micro opioid receptor gene polymorphism (A118G) and naltrexone treatment response in adherent Korean alcohol-dependent patients. | Kim SG et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Mouse model of OPRM1 (A118G) polymorphism has sex-specific effects on drug-mediated behavior. | Mague SD et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Novel linkage disequilibrium of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the transcriptional regulatory region of micro-opioid receptor gene in Japanese population. | Ono T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| OPRM1 Asn40Asp predicts response to naltrexone treatment: a haplotype-based approach. | Oroszi G et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Positive transcriptional regulation of the human micro opioid receptor gene by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and increase of its DNA binding affinity based on polymorphism of G-172 -> T. | Ono T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Prediction of deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes related to ethanol-induced toxicity. | Wang LL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Role of the HPA axis and the A118G polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor in stress-induced drinking behavior. | Pratt WM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The interaction of reward genes with environmental factors in contribution to alcoholism in mexican americans. | Du Y et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| A functional polymorphism of the micro-opioid receptor gene is associated with completed suicides. | Hishimoto A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| An evaluation of mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a predictor of naltrexone response in the treatment of alcohol dependence: results from the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) study. | Anton RF et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Approach to the genetics of alcoholism: a review based on pathophysiology. | KΓΆhnke MD | β | 2008 | β |
| Association of dopamine and opioid receptor genetic polymorphisms with response to methadone maintenance treatment. | Crettol S et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Beta-endorphin and drug-induced reward and reinforcement. | Roth-Deri I et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic approaches to addiction: genes and alcohol. | Ducci F et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Moderators of naltrexone's effects on drinking, urge, and alcohol effects in non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers in the natural environment. | Tidey JW et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Naltrexone alone and with sertraline for the treatment of alcohol dependence in Alaska natives and non-natives residing in rural settings: a randomized controlled trial. | O'Malley SS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The genetics of alcohol and other drug dependence. | Dick DM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The opioid peptides enkephalin and beta-endorphin in alcohol dependence. | Racz I et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| A118g polymorphism in mu opioid receptor gene (oprm1): association with opiate addiction in subjects of Indian origin. | Kapur S et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| A functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) influences cue-induced craving for alcohol in male heavy drinkers. | van den Wildenberg E et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Effect of mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphisms on heroin-induced subjective responses in a Chinese population. | Zhang D et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Evaluation of OPRM1 variants in heroin dependence by family-based association testing and meta-analysis. | Glatt SJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Evolutionary background for stress-coping styles: relationships between physiological, behavioral, and cognitive traits in non-mammalian vertebrates. | Γverli Γ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genetic polymorphisms and idiopathic generalized epilepsies. | Lucarini N et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genomic variations and transcriptional regulation of the human mu-opioid receptor gene. | Bayerer B et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Mechanisms of opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. | DuPen A et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Polymorphisms in the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and the implications for alcohol dependence in humans. | van der Zwaluw CS et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Population-specific effects of the Asn40Asp polymorphism at the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) on HPA-axis activation. | Hernandez-Avila CA et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The Asp40 mu-opioid receptor allele does not predict naltrexone treatment efficacy in heavy drinkers. | Mitchell JM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The opioid system in alcohol and drug dependence: family-based association study. | Xuei X et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The single nucleotide polymorphism A118G alters functional properties of the human mu opioid receptor. | Kroslak T et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Association between two mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) haplotype blocks and drug or alcohol dependence. | Zhang H et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association of an Asn40Asp (A118G) polymorphism in the mu-opioid receptor gene with substance dependence: a meta-analysis. | Arias A et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association of mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism A118G with alcohol dependence in a Japanese population. | Nishizawa D et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy of opioid switching in cancer patients. | Ross JR et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Genetic moderators of naltrexone's effects on alcohol cue reactivity. | McGeary JE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Linkage disequilibrium and association with methamphetamine dependence/psychosis of mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphisms. | Ide S et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Mu opioid receptor A118G polymorphism in association with striatal opioid neuropeptide gene expression in heroin abusers. | Drakenberg K et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| New findings on the genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence. | Higuchi S et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics of opioid receptors and addiction. | Mayer P et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Relevance of frequent mu-opioid receptor polymorphisms for opioid activity in healthy volunteers. | LΓΆtsch J et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Targeting treatments for alcohol dependence: the pharmacogenetics of naltrexone. | Oslin DW et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| The genetics of alcohol dependence. | Dick DM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| The mu-opioid receptor polymorphism A118G predicts cortisol responses to naloxone and stress. | Chong RY et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Are mu-opioid receptor polymorphisms important for clinical opioid therapy? | LΓΆtsch J et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Characterization of the 3' untranslated region of the human mu-opioid receptor (MOR-1) mRNA. | Ide S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Clinical response to morphine in cancer patients and genetic variation in candidate genes. | Ross JR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| How individual sensitivity to opiates can be predicted by gene analyses. | Ikeda K et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Increased attributable risk related to a functional mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with alcohol dependence in central Sweden. | Bart G et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Morphine-6-glucuronide: actions and mechanisms. | Kilpatrick GJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Novel exonic mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphisms not associated with opioid dependence. | Smith RJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics and human molecular genetics of opiate and cocaine addictions and their treatments. | Kreek MJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The contribution of genetics to addiction therapy approaches. | Edenberg HJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Alcoholism: genes and mechanisms. | Oroszi G et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and sensitivity to the effects of alcohol in humans. | Ray LA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Association of functional opioid receptor genotypes with alcohol dependence in Koreans. | Kim SG et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Comprehensive mu-opioid-receptor genotyping by pyrosequencing. | Skarke C et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Effect of the A118G polymorphism on binding affinity, potency and agonist-mediated endocytosis, desensitization, and resensitization of the human mu-opioid receptor. | Beyer A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Endogenous opioid receptor genes and alcohol dependence among Taiwanese Han. | Loh el W et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Evolving perspectives on neurobiological research on the addictions: celebration of the 30th anniversary of NIDA. | Kreek MJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Gene polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor in methamphetamine abusers. | Ide S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genes associated with addiction: alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addiction. | Kreek MJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genetic predictors of the clinical response to opioid analgesics: clinical utility and future perspectives. | LΓΆtsch J et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Opioids and alcoholism. | Oswald LM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene is associated with naltrexone response in alcohol-dependent patients. | Oslin DW et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A genetic association study of the mu opioid receptor and severe opioid dependence. | Crowley JJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Association between the cortisol response to opioid blockade and the Asn40Asp polymorphism at the mu-opioid receptor locus (OPRM1). | Hernandez-Avila CA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor testing reveals a dose-dependent difference in methadone maintained vs control subjects. | Schluger JH et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Haplotypes at the OPRM1 locus are associated with susceptibility to substance dependence in European-Americans. | Luo X et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Introducing a new recruitment approach to sample collection for genetic association studies in opioid dependence. | Franke P et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Neuropeptide gene polymorphisms and human behavioural disorders. | Inui A | β | 2003 | β |
| Peripheral opioid analgesia in experimental human pain models. | Tegeder I et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Pharmacogenomics of alcohol response and addiction. | Enoch MA | β | 2003 | β |
| Sequence variability and candidate gene analysis in two cancer patients with complex clinical outcomes during morphine therapy. | Hirota T et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A functional polymorphism within the mu-opioid receptor gene and risk for abuse of alcohol and other substances. | Schinka JA et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Association of mu-opioid receptor subunit gene and idiopathic generalized epilepsy. | Wilkie H et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Bioinformatic analysis of the human mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) splice and polymorphic variants. | Xin L et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Lack of association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene with anxiety-related traits: results from a cross-sectional study of adults and a longitudinal study of children. | Jorm AF et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Opioid peptides and the control of human ingestive behaviour. | Yeomans MR et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Pharmacotherapy of addictions. | Kreek MJ et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Allelic and somatic variations in the endogenous opioid system of humans. | Mayer P et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| A rapid screening method for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human MOR gene. | GrΓΆsch S et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| A single nucleotide polymorphic mutation in the human mu-opioid receptor severely impairs receptor signaling. | Befort K et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association between mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and Chinese heroin addicts. | Szeto CY et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Genetic analysis of the mu-opioid receptor in alcohol-dependent individuals. | Rommelspacher H et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Metabolic and ethnic determinants of alcohol drinking habits and vulnerability to alcohol-related disorder. | Harada S et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Nonreplication of association between mu-opioid-receptor gene (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism and substance dependence. | Franke P et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Polymorphisms of mu and delta opioid receptor genes and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia. | Ohmori O et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| The genetics of alcoholism and alcohol abuse. | Enoch MA et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| The untranslated region of (mu)-opioid receptor mRNA contributes to reduced opioid sensitivity in CXBK mice. | Ikeda K et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association analysis of polymorphisms in the ΞΌ opioid gene and heroin abuse in Chinese subjects. | Li T et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Biological phenotypes associated with individuals at high risk for developing alcohol-related disorders: Part 1. | Hill SY | β | 2000 | β |
| Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human mu opioid receptor gene by hybridization or single nucleotide extension on custom oligonucleotide gelpad microchips: potential in studies of addiction. | LaForge KS et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Genetic variation of the human mu-opioid receptor and susceptibility to idiopathic absence epilepsy. | Sander T et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Methadone-related opioid agonist pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction. History, recent molecular and neurochemical research and future in mainstream medicine. | Kreek MJ | β | 2000 | β |
| Opioid receptor and peptide gene polymorphisms: potential implications for addictions. | LaForge KS et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| The opioid receptor system and alcoholism: a genetic perspective. | Town T et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Association of a functional mu-opioid receptor allele (+118A) with alcohol dependency. | Town T et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Genetics of alcoholism and substance abuse. | Enoch MA et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| mu-opioid receptor variants and dopaminergic sensitivity in alcohol withdrawal. | Smolka M et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| The genetic mediation of individual differences in sensitivity to pain and its inhibition. | Mogil JS | β | 1999 | β |
| The mu opiate receptor as a candidate gene for pain: polymorphisms, variations in expression, nociception, and opiate responses. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Association of alcohol or other drug dependence with alleles of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). | Kranzler HR et al. | β | 1998 | β |
| Endogenous opiates: 1997. | Olson GA et al. | β | 1998 | β |
| Human mu-opioid receptor variation and alcohol dependence. | Sander T et al. | β | 1998 | β |
| Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human mu opioid receptor gene alters beta-endorphin binding and activity: possible implications for opiate addiction. | Bond C et al. | β | 1998 | β |