Stress, stress hormones, and adult neurogenesis.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Schoenfeld, Timothy J; Gould, Elizabeth
Year: 2012
Journal: Experimental neurology
PMID: 21281629
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.01.008
PMCID: PMC3715962

Figure 1

Top left: schematic diagram of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Progenitor cells in the subgranular zone (sgz) divide and produce daughter cells. Most of these cells differentiate into excitatory granule cells and integrate into the granule cell layer as they differentiate. At different timepoints during their maturation, new cells express specific biochemical markers, listed below the schematic diagram. Photomicrographs (bottom left) show BrdU labeled cells (arrows, top), and Ki67 labeled cells (arrows, bottom). BrdU is an exogenously applied marker that labels cells in S phase while Ki67 is an endogenous marker of actively cycling. Confocal microscopic images (bottom right) show cells labeled with BrdU (red) and a marker of astroglia (GFAP), immature and mature neurons (Tuj1) and mature neurons (NeuN).

Figure 2

Schematic diagram of the effects of stress and glucocorticoids on principal cell types in the hippocampus. Stress causes release of glucocorticoids which bind to receptors on all principal cell types in the hippocampus. The dentate gyrus contains granule cells which have excitatory connections with pyramidal cells of the CA3 region. CA3 pyramidal cells have excitatory connections to pyramidal cells in the CA1 region, which have excitatory connections to pyramidal cells in the subiculum, the main efferent population in the hippocampus. Pyramidal cells in the subiculum ultimately exert an inhibitory influence over the HPA axis, helping the system to return to baseline after stress. Aversive experiences are known to inhibit adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus potentially through elevated levels of glucocorticoids and cytokines. Rewarding experiences, on the other hand, are known to stimulate adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus despite elevated levels of glucocorticoids. Factors that protect against elevated glucocorticoids under conditions of rewarding experience remain unknown – some potential candidates include opioids, dopamine, oxytocin and growth factors.

#	Section	Preview
0	Introduction	The granule cell population of the dentate gyrus is produced in three distinct phases occurring…
1	Introduction	Adult neurogenesis appears to be a general phenomenon of mammals, being reported in a wide range of…
2	Introduction	gyrus are certain types of bats (Amrein et al., 2007). Taken together, these findings suggest that…
3	Introduction	Numerous studies have attempted to characterize the production of new neurons in the dentate gyrus…
4	Introduction	Cell proliferation refers to the division of progenitor cells located in the sgz of the dentate…
5	Introduction	et al., 2004). New glial cells continue to express GFAP while undergoing structural differentiation…
6	Introduction	new neurons develop morphological features of granule cells. New granule cells grow characteristic…
7	Introduction	Cell survival refers to the maintenance of new neurons and their permanent incorporation into the…
8	Effects of Stress on Adult Neurogenesis — Acute Stressors	Several studies have investigated the effects of stress on adult neurogenesis – these reports have…
9	Effects of Stress on Adult Neurogenesis — Acute Stressors	Exposure to the odors of natural predators activates the HPA axis and produces anxiety-like behavior…
10	Effects of Stress on Adult Neurogenesis — Acute Stressors	The effects of physical restraint are somewhat complicated to interpret and not as straight-forward…
11	Effects of Stress on Adult Neurogenesis — Acute Stressors	Electric shock to the foot or tail activates the HPA axis and induces anxiety-like behavior in…
12	Effects of Stress on Adult Neurogenesis — Chronic Stressors	Chronic stress paradigms typically utilize daily stressors over the course of a few days to several…
13	Effects of Stress on Adult Neurogenesis — Chronic Stressors	Although various studies have suggested that learning increases neurogenesis in the adult dentate…
14	Effects of Stress on Adult Neurogenesis — Chronic Stressors	Chronic use of multiple mild stressors is a model of animal depression, as animals tend to develop…
15	Age, Species, and Sex Differences	Adult neurogenesis declines steadily with age in the hippocampus of every species in which this has…
16	Age, Species, and Sex Differences	Baseline differences in adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus exist among species. Most notably,…
17	Age, Species, and Sex Differences	Robust sex differences in baseline adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus have not been reported,…
18	Age, Species, and Sex Differences	rats that were stressed prenatally have suppressed baseline survival of new neurons, while there is…
19	Mechanisms underlying stress effects on adult neurogenesis — Adrenal steroids	Stress is accompanied by HPA activity, which results in the release of glucocorticoids into the…

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In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Stress-response pathways are altered in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholics.	2013	23981442

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
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The extent of involvement of ouabain, hippocampal expression of Na+/K+-ATPase, and corticosterone/melatonin receptors ratio in modifying stress-induced behavior differs according to the stressor in context.	Abdelmissih S et al.	—	2022	→
The NOP antagonist BTRX-246040 increases stress resilience in mice without affecting adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus.	D'Oliveira da Silva F et al.	—	2022	→
Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) models to understand the critical role of social interactions in mental health and wellbeing.	Fontana BD et al.	—	2022	→
Adult-born neurons from the dorsal, intermediate, and ventral regions of the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus exhibit differential sensitivity to glucocorticoids.	Levone BR et al.	—	2021	→
Adult neurogenesis alters response to an aversive distractor in a labyrinth maze without affecting spatial learning or memory.	Schoenfeld TJ et al.	—	2021	→
A Runner's High for New Neurons? Potential Role for Endorphins in Exercise Effects on Adult Neurogenesis.	Schoenfeld TJ et al.	—	2021	→
Association between hippocampal structure and serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in healthy adults: A registered report.	Puhlmann LMC et al.	—	2021	→
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Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics reveal potential protein targets of JiaWeiSiNiSan in preventing chronic psychological stress damage.	Wang HZ et al.	—	2021	→
Cypermethrin Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functions by Altering Neural Fate Decisions in the Rat Brain.	Yadav A et al.	—	2021	→
Depressive and Neurocognitive Disorders in the Context of the Inflammatory Background of COVID-19.	Dąbrowska E et al.	—	2021	→
Do changes in microglial status underlie neurogenesis impairments and depressive-like behaviours induced by psychological stress? A systematic review in animal models.	Nieto-Quero A et al.	—	2021	→
Does hearing loss lead to dementia? A review of the literature.	Nadhimi Y et al.	—	2021	→
Early Life Stress and Metabolic Plasticity of Brain Cells: Impact on Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis.	Salmina AB et al.	—	2021	→
Effect of acute psychosocial stress on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in humans - a randomized cross within trial.	Hermann R et al.	—	2021	→
Exercise-induced increases of corticosterone contribute to exercise-enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice.	Tzu-Feng Wang TF et al.	—	2021	→
Hyperoxygenation Ameliorates Stress-induced Neuronal and Behavioral Deficits.	Choi J et al.	—	2021	→
MicroRNAs as Critical Biomarkers of Major Depressive Disorder: A Comprehensive Perspective.	Ortega MA et al.	—	2021	→
Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine.	Mahmoud YK et al.	—	2021	→
Phenotypic and Clinical Traits That Correlate with Cognitive Impairment in Caucasian Females.	Reisz C et al.	—	2021	→
Social Defeat Stress During Early Adolescence Confers Resilience Against a Single Episode of Prolonged Stress in Adult Rats.	Mancini GF et al.	—	2021	→
The role of the vagus nerve in fibromyalgia syndrome.	Martins DF et al.	—	2021	→
Traffic noise exposure, cognitive decline, and amyloid-beta pathology in an AD mouse model.	Karem H et al.	—	2021	→
Two weeks of moderate intensity locomotor training increased corticosterone concentrations but did not alter the number of adropin-immunoreactive cells in the hippocampus of diabetic type 2 and control rats.	Ziarniak K et al.	—	2021	→
Anti-LINGO-1 antibody treatment improves chronic stress-induced spatial memory impairments and oligodendrocyte loss in the hippocampus.	Yang C et al.	—	2020	→
Autophagic death of neural stem cells mediates chronic stress-induced decline of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive deficits.	Jung S et al.	—	2020	→
Chronic unpredictable stress-induced inflammation and quantitative analysis of neurons of distinct brain regions in Wistar rat model of comorbid depression.	Blossom V et al.	—	2020	→
Circadian glucocorticoid oscillations preserve a population of adult hippocampal neural stem cells in the aging brain.	Schouten M et al.	—	2020	→
Dipeptide tyrosyl-leucine exhibits antidepressant-like activity in mice.	Mizushige T et al.	—	2020	→
Effects of long-lasting social isolation and re-socialization on cognitive performance and brain activity: a longitudinal study in Octodon degus.	Rivera DS et al.	—	2020	→
Evaluation of the Effect of <i>Hypericum triquetrifolium</i> Turra on Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Psychosocial Stress in Rats: Role of BDNF.	Alzoubi KH et al.	—	2020	→
Ginsenoside Rg1 fails to rescue PTSD-like behaviors in a mice model of single-prolonged stress.	Sun W et al.	—	2020	→
Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Analysis of Granule Neurons of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Cortical Injury.	Pantic I et al.	—	2020	→
Hair cortisol concentrations are associated with hippocampal subregional volumes in children.	Keresztes A et al.	—	2020	→
Hippocampal subfield volumes are nonspecifically reduced in premature-born adults.	Hedderich DM et al.	—	2020	→
Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Adult Neurogenesis: A Multifaceted Mechanism.	Jorgensen C et al.	—	2020	→
Inducible and Conditional Stimulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Rescues Cadmium-Induced Impairments of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory in Mice.	Wang H et al.	—	2020	→
Life-Course Contribution of Prenatal Stress in Regulating the Neural Modulation Network Underlying the Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Reflex in Male Alzheimer's Disease Mice.	Jafari Z et al.	—	2020	→
Long-Term Programming of CD8 T Cell Immunity by Perinatal Exposure to Glucocorticoids.	Hong JY et al.	—	2020	→
Noise exposure accelerates the risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Adulthood, gestational, and prenatal mechanistic evidence from animal studies.	Jafari Z et al.	—	2020	→
Physical Stress Induced Reduction of Proliferating Cells and Differentiated Neuroblasts Is Ameliorated by Fermented <i>Laminaria japonica</i> Extract Treatment.	Jung HY et al.	—	2020	→
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Wnt Signaling in the Hippocampus in Relation to Neurogenesis, Neuroplasticity, Stress and Epigenetics.	Zwamborn RAJ et al.	—	2018	→
A high fat diet-induced decrease in hippocampal newly-born neurons of male mice is exacerbated by mild psychological stress using a Communication Box.	Murata Y et al.	—	2017	→
Astrocytes at the Hub of the Stress Response: Potential Modulation of Neurogenesis by miRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes.	Luarte A et al.	—	2017	→
Chronic corticosterone-induced impaired cognitive flexibility is not due to suppressed adult hippocampal neurogenesis.	Lui E et al.	—	2017	→
Chronic pain and adult hippocampal neurogenesis: translational implications from preclinical studies.	Grilli M	—	2017	→
Early-life stress diminishes the increase in neurogenesis after exercise in adult female mice.	Abbink MR et al.	—	2017	→
Effects of Different Exercise Strategies and Intensities on Memory Performance and Neurogenesis.	Diederich K et al.	—	2017	→
Effects of Isx-9 and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Experimental considerations and future perspectives.	Bettio LEB et al.	—	2017	→
From Mice to Mole-Rats: Species-Specific Modulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.	Oosthuizen MK	—	2017	→
Increased Testosterone Decreases Medial Cortical Volume and Neurogenesis in Territorial Side-Blotched Lizards (<i>Uta stansburiana</i>).	LaDage LD et al.	—	2017	→
Morphological changes in hippocampal cytoarchitecture as a function of spatial treatment in birds.	Roth TC et al.	—	2017	→
Opiate Analgesics as Negative Modulators of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Potential Implications in Clinical Practice.	Bortolotto V et al.	—	2017	→
Sex differences and estrogen regulation of BDNF gene expression, but not propeptide content, in the developing hippocampus.	Kight KE et al.	—	2017	→
Stress and adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis: diet and exercise as cognitive modulators.	Hueston CM et al.	—	2017	→
Stress and Loss of Adult Neurogenesis Differentially Reduce Hippocampal Volume.	Schoenfeld TJ et al.	—	2017	→
Tactile stimulation during different developmental periods modifies hippocampal BDNF and GR, affecting memory and behavior in adult rats.	Antoniazzi CT et al.	—	2017	→
The exercise-glucocorticoid paradox: How exercise is beneficial to cognition, mood, and the brain while increasing glucocorticoid levels.	Chen C et al.	—	2017	→
The genome-wide expression effects of escitalopram and its relationship to neurogenesis, hippocampal volume, and antidepressant response.	Powell TR et al.	—	2017	→
Thiamine and benfotiamine prevent stress-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis in mice exposed to predation without affecting brain thiamine diphosphate levels.	Vignisse J et al.	—	2017	→
Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> protects against Aβ peptide cytotoxicity in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH- SY5Y cells: A role for S1P1/p38MAPK/ATF4 axis.	Pierucci F et al.	—	2017	→
A Comparative Study Evaluating the Impact of Physical Exercise on Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.	Maliszewska-Cyna E et al.	—	2016	→
Adiponectin Exerts Neurotrophic Effects on Dendritic Arborization, Spinogenesis, and Neurogenesis of the Dentate Gyrus of Male Mice.	Zhang D et al.	—	2016	→
Adrenal steroidogenesis disruption caused by HDL/cholesterol suppression in diethylstilbestrol-treated adult male rat.	Haeno S et al.	—	2016	→
Different effects of prenatal stress on ERK2/CREB/Bcl-2 expression in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex of adult offspring rats.	Zhu Z et al.	—	2016	→
Hippocampal MicroRNA-124 Enhances Chronic Stress Resilience in Mice.	Higuchi F et al.	—	2016	→
Long term exposure to combination paradigm of environmental enrichment, physical exercise and diet reverses the spatial memory deficits and restores hippocampal neurogenesis in ventral subicular lesioned rats.	Kapgal V et al.	—	2016	→
miR-17-92 Cluster Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Anxiety, and Depression.	Jin J et al.	—	2016	→
Neuroprotective effects of melatonin and omega-3 on hippocampal cells prenatally exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields.	Erdem Koç G et al.	—	2016	→
Noise induced hearing loss impairs spatial learning/memory and hippocampal neurogenesis in mice.	Liu L et al.	—	2016	→
Perceived Stress Is Differentially Related to Hippocampal Subfield Volumes among Older Adults.	Zimmerman ME et al.	—	2016	→
Predators inhibit brain cell proliferation in natural populations of electric fish, Brachyhypopomus occidentalis.	Dunlap KD et al.	—	2016	→
Prenatal Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Dampens Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in An IL-6 Dependent Manner.	Mouihate A	—	2016	→
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation Produces Long-Term Detrimental Effects in Spatial Memory and Modifies the Cellular Composition of the Subgranular Zone.	Soto-Rodriguez S et al.	—	2016	→
Social behavior, hormones and adult neurogenesis.	Opendak M et al.	—	2016	→
Social regulation of adult neurogenesis: A comparative approach.	Holmes MM	—	2016	→
Stress-induced mechanisms in mental illness: A role for glucocorticoid signalling.	Cattaneo A et al.	—	2016	→
Testosterone depletion increases the susceptibility of brain tissue to oxidative damage in a restraint stress mouse model.	Son SW et al.	—	2016	→
The birth of new neurons in the maternal brain: Hormonal regulation and functional implications.	Leuner B et al.	—	2016	→
5-HT receptor-mediated modulation of granule cell inhibition after juvenile stress recovers after a second exposure to adult stress.	Gruber D et al.	—	2015	→
Adult emotionality and neural plasticity as a function of adolescent nutrient supplementation in male rats.	McCall N et al.	—	2015	→
Adult neurogenesis: a substrate for experience-dependent change.	Opendak M et al.	—	2015	→
Association of N-cadherin levels and downstream effectors of Rho GTPases with dendritic spine loss induced by chronic stress in rat hippocampal neurons.	Castañeda P et al.	—	2015	→
Effects of combined nicotine and fluoxetine treatment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and conditioned place preference.	Faillace MP et al.	—	2015	→
Enrichment rescues contextual discrimination deficit associated with immediate shock.	Clemenson GD et al.	—	2015	→
Environmental Change, the Stress Response, and Neurogenesis.	LaDage LD	—	2015	→
Exposure to social defeat stress in adolescence improves the working memory and anxiety-like behavior of adult female rats with intrauterine growth restriction, independently of hippocampal neurogenesis.	Furuta M et al.	—	2015	→
Influences of prenatal and postnatal stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: the double neurogenic niche hypothesis.	Ortega-Martínez S	—	2015	→
Lupus brain fog: a biologic perspective on cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus.	Mackay M	—	2015	→
Molecular mechanisms in the regulation of adult neurogenesis during stress.	Egeland M et al.	—	2015	→
Neural stem cells respond to stress hormones: distinguishing beneficial from detrimental stress.	Koutmani Y et al.	—	2015	→
One is the deadliest number: the detrimental effects of social isolation on cerebrovascular diseases and cognition.	Friedler B et al.	—	2015	→
Preliminary Evidence of Increased Hippocampal Myelin Content in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.	Chao LL et al.	—	2015	→
Role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in stress resilience.	Levone BR et al.	—	2015	→
Seasonal change in the avian hippocampus.	Sherry DF et al.	—	2015	→
Social isolation increases cell proliferation in male and cell survival in female California mice (Peromyscus californicus).	Ruscio MG et al.	—	2015	→
Stress effects on the hippocampus: a critical review.	Kim EJ et al.	—	2015	→
The effect of adolescent testosterone on hippocampal BDNF and TrkB mRNA expression: relationship with cell proliferation.	Allen KM et al.	—	2015	→
The role of cannabinoids in adult neurogenesis.	Prenderville JA et al.	—	2015	→
Toxic stress, inflammation and symptomatology of chronic complications in diabetes.	Downs CA et al.	—	2015	→
Alcohol exposure inhibits adult neural stem cell proliferation.	Campbell JC et al.	—	2014	→
Anxiety- and depression-like behavior and impaired neurogenesis evoked by peripheral neuropathy persist following resolution of prolonged tactile hypersensitivity.	Dimitrov EL et al.	—	2014	→
A time to remember: the role of circadian clocks in learning and memory.	Smarr BL et al.	—	2014	→
Atrophy of pyramidal neurons and increased stress-induced glutamate levels in CA3 following chronic suppression of adult neurogenesis.	Schloesser RJ et al.	—	2014	→
A ventral view on antidepressant action: roles for adult hippocampal neurogenesis along the dorsoventral axis.	O'Leary OF et al.	—	2014	→
Changes in the social environment induce neurogenic plasticity predominantly in niches residing in sensory structures of the zebrafish brain independently of cortisol levels.	Lindsey BW et al.	—	2014	→
Differential effects of prenatal stress in female 5-HTT-deficient mice: towards molecular mechanisms of resilience.	Jakob S et al.	—	2014	→
Effect of phenytoin treatment on cell proliferation in the hippocampus and the heart and related neuroendocrine changes under non-stress and stress conditions.	Babic S et al.	—	2014	→
Endogenous versus exogenous markers of adult neurogenesis in canaries and other birds: advantages and disadvantages.	Balthazart J et al.	—	2014	→
Formyl peptide receptor as a novel therapeutic target for anxiety-related disorders.	Gallo I et al.	—	2014	→
From receptor balance to rational glucocorticoid therapy.	de Kloet ER	—	2014	→
Gonadectomy increases neurogenesis in the male adolescent rhesus macaque hippocampus.	Allen KM et al.	—	2014	→
Kainate-induced epileptogenesis alters circular hole board learning strategy but not the performance of C57BL/6J mice.	Hubens CJ et al.	—	2014	→
Maternal and postweaning high-fat diets disturb hippocampal gene expression, learning, and memory function.	Page KC et al.	—	2014	→
Neuropathology of stress.	Lucassen PJ et al.	—	2014	→
Regulation and function of adult neurogenesis: from genes to cognition.	Aimone JB et al.	—	2014	→
Repetitive noxious neonatal stimuli increases dentate gyrus cell proliferation and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels.	Malheiros JM et al.	—	2014	→
Roles of olfactory system dysfunction in depression.	Yuan TF et al.	—	2014	→
Seasonal variation in cell proliferation and cell migration in the brain of adult red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis).	Maine AR et al.	—	2014	→
Sex-related long-term behavioral and hippocampal cellular alterations after nociceptive stimulation throughout postnatal development in rats.	Lima M et al.	—	2014	→
Stress as necessary component of realistic recovery in animal models of experimental stroke.	Walker FR et al.	—	2014	→
Stress, glucocorticoid receptors, and adult neurogenesis: a balance between excitation and inhibition?	Saaltink DJ et al.	—	2014	→
Stress modulation of hippocampal activity--spotlight on the dentate gyrus.	Fa M et al.	—	2014	→
The neurobiological pathogenesis of poststroke depression.	Feng C et al.	—	2014	→
Untangling the influences of voluntary running, environmental complexity, social housing and stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis.	Grégoire CA et al.	—	2014	→
Voluntary exercise followed by chronic stress strikingly increases mature adult-born hippocampal neurons and prevents stress-induced deficits in 'what-when-where' memory.	Castilla-Ortega E et al.	—	2014	→
Activity-based anorexia is associated with reduced hippocampal cell proliferation in adolescent female rats.	Barbarich-Marsteller NC et al.	—	2013	→
A new method for in vitro detection of bromodeoxyuridine in serum: a proof of concept in a songbird species, the canary.	Barker JM et al.	—	2013	→
Effects of diabetes on hippocampal neurogenesis: links to cognition and depression.	Ho N et al.	—	2013	→
Glucocorticoid regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor: relevance to hippocampal structural and functional plasticity.	Suri D et al.	—	2013	→
Hereditary catalepsy in mice is associated with the brain dysmorphology and altered stress response.	Tikhonova MA et al.	—	2013	→
LC-MS-based metabolomic analysis of serum and livers from red ginseng-fed rats.	Kim HJ et al.	—	2013	→
Metabolic disturbances connecting obesity and depression.	Hryhorczuk C et al.	—	2013	→
microRNAs and the regulation of neuronal plasticity under stress conditions.	Schouten M et al.	—	2013	→
Negative regulation of TLX by IL-1β correlates with an inhibition of adult hippocampal neural precursor cell proliferation.	Ryan SM et al.	—	2013	→
Neuronal plasticity and antidepressant actions.	Castrén E et al.	—	2013	→
Neuropathogenesis of delirium: review of current etiologic theories and common pathways.	Maldonado JR	—	2013	→
Prenatal stress inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis but spares olfactory bulb neurogenesis.	Belnoue L et al.	—	2013	→
Progesterone attenuates several hippocampal abnormalities of the Wobbler mouse.	Meyer M et al.	—	2013	→
Sexual experience restores age-related decline in adult neurogenesis and hippocampal function.	Glasper ER et al.	—	2013	→
Stress and neurodevelopmental processes in the emergence of psychosis.	Holtzman CW et al.	—	2013	→
Stress-response pathways are altered in the hippocampus of chronic alcoholics.	McClintick JN et al.	—	2013	→
The development of psychotic disorders in adolescence: a potential role for hormones.	Trotman HD et al.	—	2013	→
The hormone therapy, Premarin, impairs hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory and reduces activation of new granule neurons in response to memory in female rats.	Barha CK et al.	—	2013	→
A single-day treatment with mifepristone is sufficient to normalize chronic glucocorticoid induced suppression of hippocampal cell proliferation.	Hu P et al.	—	2012	→
Cooperativity and complementarity: synergies in non-classical and classical glucocorticoid signaling.	Samarasinghe RA et al.	—	2012	→
Depression, stress, epilepsy and adult neurogenesis.	Danzer SC	—	2012	→
Impact of corticosterone treatment on spontaneous seizure frequency and epileptiform activity in mice with chronic epilepsy.	Castro OW et al.	—	2012	→
Introduction: stress and neurological disease.	Herman JP	—	2012	→
Is there a role for young hippocampal neurons in adaptation to stress?	Dranovsky A et al.	—	2012	→
Neural mechanisms of stress resilience and vulnerability.	Franklin TB et al.	—	2012	→
Neural stem cells in the diabetic brain.	Bachor TP et al.	—	2012	→
New neurons retire early.	Schoenfeld TJ et al.	—	2012	→
Repeated mild hypoxic exposures decrease anxiety-like behavior in the adult mouse together with an increased brain adrenomedullin gene expression.	Leconte C et al.	—	2012	→
Serotonin 1A receptor agonist increases species- and region-selective adult CNS proliferation, but not through CNTF.	Arnold SA et al.	—	2012	→
The role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in reducing interference.	Luu P et al.	—	2012	→
Aggravation of chronic stress effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in LPA₁ receptor knockout mice.	Castilla-Ortega E et al.	—	2011	→
Glucocorticoid hedgehog agonists in neurogenesis.	Wang J et al.	—	2011	→
Moderate fetal alcohol exposure impairs neurogenic capacity of murine neural stem cells isolated from the adult subventricular zone.	Roitbak T et al.	—	2011	→
Prenatal Stress Alters Progestogens to Mediate Susceptibility to Sex-Typical, Stress-Sensitive Disorders, such as Drug Abuse: A Review.	Frye CA et al.	—	2011	→
The hippocampus, neurotrophic factors and depression: possible implications for the pharmacotherapy of depression.	Masi G et al.	—	2011	→