Early trauma and increased risk for physical aggression during adulthood: the moderating role of MAOA genotype.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Frazzetto, Giovanni; Di Lorenzo, Giorgio; Carola, Valeria; Proietti, Luca; Sokolowska, Ewa; Siracusano, Alberto; Gross, Cornelius; Troisi, Alfonso
- Year
- 2007
- Journal
- PloS one
- PMID
- 17534436
- DOI
- 10.1371/journal.pone.0000486
- PMCID
- PMC1872046
Previous research has reported that a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene promoter can moderate the association between early life adversity and increased risk for violence and antisocial behavior. In this study of a combined population of psychiatric outpatients and healthy volunteers (N = 235), we tested the hypothesis that MAOA genotype moderates the association between early traumatic life events (ETLE) experienced during the first 15 years of life and the display of physical aggression during adulthood, as assessed by the Aggression Questionnaire. An ANOVA model including gender, exposure to early trauma, and MAOA genotype as between-subjects factors showed significant MAOAxETLE (F(1,227) = 8.20, P = 0.005) and genderxMAOAxETLE (F(1,227) = 7.04, P = 0.009) interaction effects. Physical aggression scores were higher in men who had experienced early traumatic life events and who carried the low MAOA activity allele (MAOA-L). We repeated the analysis in the subgroup of healthy volunteers (N = 145) to exclude that the observed GxE interactions were due to the inclusion of psychiatric patients in our sample and were not generalizable to the population at large. The results for the subgroup of healthy volunteers were identical to those for the entire sample. The cumulative variance in the physical aggression score explained by the ANOVA effects involving the MAOA polymorphism was 6.6% in the entire sample and 12.1% in the sub-sample of healthy volunteers. Our results support the hypothesis that, when combined with exposure to early traumatic life events, low MAOA activity is a significant risk factor for aggressive behavior during adulthood and suggest that the use of dimensional measures focusing on behavioral aspects of aggression may increase the likelihood of detecting significant gene-by-environment interactions in studies of MAOA-related aggression.
MAOA genotype moderates the association between early traumatic life events and physical aggression.Interactions between gender, MAOA genotype, and early traumatic life events (ETLE) predicted AQ-PA physical aggression scores in (a) males and (b) females. In the male group, carriers of the low, but not the high MAOA activity allele reporting exposure to early traumatic life events showed significantly greater physical aggression scores.
LLM interpretation
This figure consists of two line graphs showing the interaction between early traumatic life events (ETLE) and MAOA genotype on physical aggression scores for (a) males and (b) females. In males, the low-activity genotype (MAOA-L, blue dashed line) shows a sharp increase in aggression scores from "No Exposure" to "Exposure," whereas the high-activity genotype (MAOA-H, red solid line) remains relatively stable. In females, both genotypes show a slight increase in aggression scores with ETLE exposure, with no stark divergence between the two groups.
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