Personality and obesity across the adult life span.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Sutin, Angelina R; Ferrucci, Luigi; Zonderman, Alan B; Terracciano, Antonio
- Year
- 2011
- Journal
- Journal of personality and social psychology
- PMID
- 21744974
- DOI
- 10.1037/a0024286
- PMCID
- PMC3462003
Personality traits contribute to health outcomes, in part through their association with major controllable risk factors, such as obesity. Body weight, in turn, reflects our behaviors and lifestyle and contributes to the way we perceive ourselves and others. In this study, the authors use data from a large (N = 1,988) longitudinal study that spanned more than 50 years to examine how personality traits are associated with multiple measures of adiposity and with fluctuations in body mass index (BMI). Using 14,531 anthropometric assessments, the authors modeled the trajectory of BMI across adulthood and tested whether personality predicted its rate of change. Measured concurrently, participants higher on Neuroticism or Extraversion or lower on Conscientiousness had higher BMI; these associations replicated across body fat, waist, and hip circumference. The strongest association was found for the impulsivity facet: Participants who scored in the top 10% of impulsivity weighed, on average, 11Kg more than those in the bottom 10%. Longitudinally, high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness, and the facets of these traits related to difficulty with impulse control, were associated with weight fluctuations, measured as the variability in weight over time. Finally, low Agreeableness and impulsivity-related traits predicted a greater increase in BMI across the adult life span. BMI was mostly unrelated to change in personality traits. Personality traits are defined by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns that likely contribute to unhealthy weight and difficulties with weight management. Such associations may elucidate the role of personality traits in disease progression and may help to design more effective interventions.
Estimated trajectory of BMI from age 30 to 90, plotted separately for men and women.
Estimated trajectory of BMI for participants 1 SD above and below the mean on Agreeableness. In plotting the trajectory, we accounted for the normative increase in Agreeableness across the adult lifespan (approximately 1 T-score point per decade; Terracciano, McCrae, Brant, & Costa, 2005).
Estimated trajectory of BMI for participants 1 SD above and below the mean on N5: Impulsiveness. In plotting the trajectory, we accounted for the normative decline in N5: Impulsiveness across the adult lifespan (approximately 1 T-score point per decade; Terracciano, McCrae, Brant, & Costa, 2005).
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| 60 | Discussion β Implications, Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions | Despite these strengths, the current research had some limitations. One major concern is that ourβ¦ |
| 61 | Discussion β Implications, Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions | A final limitation is that we did not examine whether deliberate changes in weight have an effect onβ¦ |
| 62 | Discussion β Implications, Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions | Obesity is a major public health crisis that has multiple antecedents. Certainly many factors, otherβ¦ |
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| A1: Trust local | phenotype |
| A4: Compliance local | phenotype |
| A5: Modesty local | phenotype |
| Abdominal Adiposity local | phenotype |
| activity | phenotype |
| Activity component of Extraversion local | phenotype |
| adipose tissue | phenotype |
| adiposity | phenotype |
| adiposity measures | phenotype |
| adolescents | cohort |
| adult lifespan local | cohort |
| Adult lifespan local | cohort |
| adult lifespan cohort local | cohort |
| Aesthetics local | phenotype |
| age | phenotype |
| agreeableness | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| altruism | phenotype |
| Americans | cohort |
| anorexia nervosa | phenotype |
| antagonism | phenotype |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| appetite | phenotype |
| Assertiveness | phenotype |
| assessment year | phenotype |
| binge drinking | phenotype |
| binge eating | phenotype |
| black participants | cohort |
| blood pressure | phenotype |
| BLSA | cohort |
| BLSA sample local | cohort |
| BMI | phenotype |
| BMI change rate local | phenotype |
| BMI fluctuations local | phenotype |
| body image | phenotype |
| body mass index | phenotype |
| body weight | phenotype |
| Brummett 2006 longitudinal study local | cohort |
| C1 Competence local | phenotype |
| cardiovascular disease | phenotype |
| Cardiovascular problems local | phenotype |
| Compliance (low A4) local | phenotype |
| conscientiousness | phenotype |
| cortisol | drug |
| current study | cohort |
| deliberation | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| Difficulty with weight regulation local | phenotype |
| discipline | phenotype |
| disordered eating | phenotype |
| disorganization | phenotype |
| drinking | phenotype |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| dutifulness | phenotype |
| E4 Activity local | phenotype |
| Earlier participants local | cohort |
| education | phenotype |
| Emotion | phenotype |
| energy intake | phenotype |
| excitement seeking | phenotype |
| Exercise behavior local | phenotype |
| extraversion | phenotype |
| extroverts local | phenotype |
| fat distribution | phenotype |
| FFM personality traits local | phenotype |
| FFM personality traits (domain level) local | phenotype |
| FFM personality traits (facet level) local | phenotype |
| Five broad personality traits local | phenotype |
| food intake | phenotype |
| FTO | gene |
| FTO-variant local | variant |
| Gregariousness | phenotype |
| healthy weight local | phenotype |
| Healthy weight loss local | phenotype |
| height | phenotype |
| hip circumference | phenotype |
| HLM Version 6 local | drug |
| hostility | phenotype |
| Hoyt et al., 2009 local | cohort |
| hypertension | phenotype |
| Ideas | phenotype |
| identity formation | phenotype |
| IL-6 | drug |
| Impulsive aspects of Neuroticism local | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| income | phenotype |
| inflammation | phenotype |
| Initial BMI local | phenotype |
| introverts local | phenotype |
| Italians local | cohort |
| Jansen et al., 2009 local | cohort |
| Japanese participants local | cohort |
| lean | phenotype |
| Longitudinal study | cohort |
| Lower wages local | phenotype |
| men | cohort |
| metabolic needs local | phenotype |
| metabolic syndrome | phenotype |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| mortality | phenotype |
| N2 Hostility local | phenotype |
| N3 Depression local | phenotype |
| N5 Impulsiveness local | phenotype |
| N6 Vulnerability local | phenotype |
| Negative evaluations local | phenotype |
| NEO-PI-R local | phenotype |
| neuroticism | phenotype |
| Neuroticism (depression facet) local | phenotype |
| Neuroticism-related traits local | phenotype |
| normal aging | phenotype |
| normal weight | phenotype |
| Normal-weight men local | cohort |
| Normal weight participants local | cohort |
| Normal-weight participants local | cohort |
| Normal-weight participants local | phenotype |
| novelty seeking | phenotype |
| Obese participants local | cohort |
| Obese participants local | phenotype |
| Obese women local | cohort |
| obesity | phenotype |
| openness to experience | phenotype |
| order | phenotype |
| overeating | phenotype |
| overweight | phenotype |
| Overweight men local | cohort |
| Overweight participants local | cohort |
| Overweight participants local | phenotype |
| participants | cohort |
| Perceptions of the self local | phenotype |
| personality traits | phenotype |
| Person perception local | phenotype |
| physical inactivity | phenotype |
| physically active local | phenotype |
| Physically inactive lifestyle local | phenotype |
| Poor body image local | phenotype |
| Positive emotionality components of Extraversion local | phenotype |
| psychiatric disorders | phenotype |
| quality of life | phenotype |
| race/ethnicity | phenotype |
| racial prejudice | phenotype |
| Recent participants local | cohort |
| Restrictive eating local | phenotype |
| Sardinian sample local | cohort |
| self-consciousness | phenotype |
| self-discipline | phenotype |
| self-esteem | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| smoking | phenotype |
| straightforwardness | phenotype |
| subjective well-being | phenotype |
| Terracciano 2009 prospective study local | cohort |
| total cholesterol | phenotype |
| trait anxiety | phenotype |
| Trait depression local | phenotype |
| triglycerides | phenotype |
| Trust (low A1) local | phenotype |
| underweight | phenotype |
| Underweight participants local | cohort |
| Unhealthy attitudes toward eating local | phenotype |
| Unhealthy eating patterns local | phenotype |
| Unsatisfactory health care treatment local | phenotype |
| Values local | phenotype |
| vulnerability | phenotype |
| Vulnerability aspects of Neuroticism local | phenotype |
| waist circumference | phenotype |
| Waistline local | phenotype |
| warmth | phenotype |
| weight cycling local | phenotype |
| weight fluctuations local | phenotype |
| Weight fluctuations local | phenotype |
| Weight Fluctuations local | phenotype |
| weight gain | phenotype |
| weight loss | phenotype |
| Western societies local | cohort |
| white participants | cohort |
| women | cohort |
| young adults | cohort |
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