Changes in frontal EEG coherence across infancy predict cognitive abilities at age 3: The mediating role of attentional control.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Whedon, Margaret; Perry, Nicole B; Calkins, Susan D; Bell, Martha Ann
Year: 2016
Journal: Developmental psychology
PMID: 27441486
DOI: 10.1037/dev0000149
PMCID: PMC5003730

#	Section	Preview
0	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control	The cognitive abilities that support goal-directed action develop rapidly across the first few years…
1	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control	A developmental psychopathology perspective posits that developmental change occurs at multiple…
2	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control	Given the importance of language, cognitive flexibility and behavioral IC skills to children’s…
3	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Development of Attentional Control	The volitional and goal-directed use of attention develops gradually across the second year of life,…
4	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Development of Attentional Control	the first year. However, correct anticipation of ambiguous visual sequences, a process that involves…
5	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Higher-Level Cognition	A core tenet of the developmental psychopathology framework is that development is cumulative, such…
6	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Higher-Level Cognition	Cognitive flexibility is one of the most extensively studied components of executive function, and…
7	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Higher-Level Cognition	It is theorized that perseveration on the DCCS task is due to an inability to disengage attention…
8	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Higher-Level Cognition	Behavioral IC, defined as the capacity to inhibit a dominant behavioral response tendency in…
9	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Higher-Level Cognition	Delay of gratification paradigms are commonly used to assess behavioral IC in young children. In the…
10	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Higher-Level Cognition	For example, a child might attend to interesting objects or sounds in their environment as a way to…
11	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Higher-Level Cognition	Another domain of cognition that shows important changes across the third year of life is language.…
12	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — The Role of Attentional Control in the Development of Higher-Level Cognition	The observed growth in receptive language across the third year of life may be largely influenced by…
13	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — Prefrontal Organization and the Development of Attentional Control	Neural network models have become increasingly central to most theoretical perspectives of cognitive…
14	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — Prefrontal Organization and the Development of Attentional Control	The ACC, the central node of the executive attention network, is a subcortical structure with…
15	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — Prefrontal Organization and the Development of Attentional Control	A much smaller body of literature has demonstrated these associations in infants and young children.…
16	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — EEG Coherence and the Estimation of Neural Networks	EEG is a noninvasive methodology for assessing brain activity in infants and young children. The EEG…
17	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — EEG Coherence and the Estimation of Neural Networks	remains constant (over a specified period of time) then coherence values approach one; if there is…
18	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — EEG Coherence and the Estimation of Neural Networks	Researchers can identify whether specific neural regions are working together during a particular…
19	Changes in Frontal EEG Coherence across Infancy Predict Cognitive Abilities at Age 3: The Mediating Role of Attentional Control — EEG Coherence and the Estimation of Neural Networks	Thatcher (1994) has proposed that the coherence value between two EEG recording sites at rest…

Name	Type
10-month infants local	cohort
10-month visit local	cohort
12-month-old infants local	cohort
18-month-old infants local	cohort
2-year-old children	cohort
2-year visit local	cohort
3-year cognitive abilities local	phenotype
3-year laboratory visit local	cohort
3-year-old children local	cohort
3-year olds local	cohort
3-year-olds local	cohort
3-year receptive language local	phenotype
3-year visit local	cohort
5-month lab visit local	cohort
7-month-old infants local	cohort
abrasive gel local	drug
academic competence	phenotype
Academic competency local	phenotype
academic performance	phenotype
ACC	anatomy
adolescents	cohort
adults	cohort
Ambiguous visual sequence anticipation local	phenotype
A-not-B task performance local	phenotype
anterior cingulate cortex	anatomy
anterior region	anatomy
anticipation of ambiguous visual sequences local	phenotype
approach motivational systems local	phenotype
asymmetry	phenotype
attention	phenotype
attentional control	phenotype
Attentional control at age 2 local	phenotype
attention bias towards motivational stimuli local	phenotype
Attention Bias Towards Motivational Stimuli local	phenotype
attention networks local	phenotype
Attention networks local	anatomy
Attention processes local	phenotype
Atypical developmental status local	phenotype
Avoidance	phenotype
basal ganglia	anatomy
Baseline EEG local	phenotype
behavioral IC local	phenotype
Behavioral IC local	phenotype
behavioral inhibitory control local	phenotype
Behavioral inhibitory control local	phenotype
Behavioral Inhibitory Control local	phenotype
Behavioral inhibitory control at age 3 local	phenotype
Blacksburg site local	cohort
brain activity	phenotype
central	anatomy
cerebral hemispheres	anatomy
Changes in frontal EEG coherence local	anatomy
childhood	cohort
children	cohort
Children (2-year cohort) local	cohort
Children aged 1-2 years local	cohort
Children aged 2-3 years local	cohort
children by end of second year local	cohort
cognition	phenotype
cognitive control	phenotype
cognitive development	phenotype
cognitive flexibility	phenotype
Cognitive outcomes	phenotype
Comprehension of 3-word sentences local	phenotype
conductive gel local	drug
conflict monitoring	phenotype
conflict resolution	phenotype
controlled attention processes local	phenotype
Current longitudinal study local	cohort
Cz	anatomy
DCCS performance local	phenotype
Delay gratification (age 3) local	phenotype
delay of gratification	phenotype
difficulty adjusting to school local	phenotype
Dimensional Change Card Sort local	phenotype
Dimensional Change Card Sort Task local	phenotype
early school success local	phenotype
Early School Success local	phenotype
early word learning local	phenotype
EEG	phenotype
EEG coherence	phenotype
emotional competence local	phenotype
emotional development local	phenotype
Endogenous attention local	phenotype
Endogenous orienting local	phenotype
error detection local	phenotype
Error detection local	phenotype
Excluded participants local	cohort
executive attention network local	anatomy
Executive attention network local	anatomy
executive function	phenotype
Executive function performance local	phenotype
Exogenous attention local	phenotype
expressive vocabulary local	phenotype
First year infants local	cohort
Flexible cognition (age 3) local	phenotype
Fp1	anatomy
Fp2	anatomy
frontal cortex	anatomy
frontal EEG coherence local	phenotype
Frontal EEG coherence local	anatomy
Frontal EEG coherence local	phenotype
frontal pole	anatomy
full sample	cohort
Goal-directed attention local	phenotype
Goal-directed attention (age 2) local	phenotype
goal-directed behavior	phenotype
goal-directed orienting local	phenotype
Greensboro site local	cohort
higher cognition local	phenotype
Higher cognition local	phenotype
higher cognitive abilities local	phenotype
Higher cognitive skills local	phenotype
higher-level cognitive abilities local	phenotype
Infant locomotion status local	phenotype
infants	cohort
infants (6-9 months) local	cohort
infants younger than 18 months local	cohort
insula	anatomy
Internally directed attention local	phenotype
joint attention local	phenotype
language	phenotype
language ability	phenotype
language processes local	phenotype
lateral parietal cortex	anatomy
lateral prefrontal cortex	anatomy
lateral prefrontal region local	anatomy
later social and emotional adjustment local	phenotype
left frontal brain region local	anatomy
left frontal EEG coherence local	anatomy
left frontal EEG coherence local	phenotype
Left frontal EEG coherence local	anatomy
Left frontal EEG coherence local	phenotype
left frontal region	anatomy
Longitudinal infant cohort local	cohort
low birth weight	phenotype
lycra local	drug
Marker Delay performance local	phenotype
Marker Delay Task local	phenotype
medial frontal cortex	anatomy
medial prefrontal cortex	anatomy
medial prefrontal region local	anatomy
memory	phenotype
middle of the third year local	cohort
minority status local	phenotype
Minority status local	phenotype
Modified delayed gratification task (Marker Delay) local	phenotype
motivation	phenotype
Neuronal population local	anatomy
neuronal populations local	anatomy
Numeracy expectation local	phenotype
Observed attentional control at age 2 local	phenotype
occipital cortex	anatomy
Parent education level local	phenotype
participants	cohort
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test local	phenotype
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III local	phenotype
performance on DCCS task local	phenotype
perseveration	phenotype
PFC	anatomy
Posner’s executive attention network local	anatomy
PPVT local	phenotype
PPVT performance local	phenotype
precuneus	anatomy
prefrontal cortex	anatomy
preschool local	cohort
Preschool aged children local	cohort
Preschool-aged children local	cohort
preterm birth	phenotype
receptive language local	phenotype
Receptive language local	phenotype
receptive language ability local	phenotype
Receptive language at age 3 local	phenotype
receptive vocabulary local	phenotype
Receptive vocabulary local	phenotype
Receptive Vocabulary local	phenotype
Reduced sample local	cohort
Resting Frontal EEG Alpha Power Asymmetry local	phenotype
resting frontal EEG coherence local	phenotype
Resting frontal EEG coherence local	anatomy
Resting frontal EEG coherence at 10 months local	phenotype
right frontal EEG coherence local	anatomy
right frontal EEG coherence local	phenotype
Right frontal EEG coherence local	anatomy
Right frontal EEG coherence local	phenotype
scalp	anatomy
School adjustment local	phenotype
school-aged children local	cohort
Second year of life infants local	cohort
selective attention	phenotype
sex	phenotype
social competence	phenotype
Social competency local	phenotype
Socioemotional functioning local	phenotype
spatial orienting local	phenotype
Successful EF performance local	phenotype
Supervisory attention system local	phenotype
sustained attention	phenotype
temperament	phenotype
temporal	anatomy
third year local	cohort
toddlers	cohort
Typically developing children local	cohort
Unsuccessful EF performance local	phenotype
visual attention	phenotype
visual search accuracy local	phenotype
Visual search accuracy local	phenotype
Visual search task local	phenotype
Visual Search Task local	phenotype
visual search task performance local	phenotype
Volitional attention local	phenotype
Word comprehension (age 3) local	phenotype
working memory	phenotype
Young children local	phenotype

Citation	PMID	DOI	Status
Abundis-Gutiérrez, A et al., Neuropsychologia, 2014, Electrophysiological correlates of attention networks in childhood and early adulthood	24593898	10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.02.013	Cited
Alarcón-Rubio, D et al., Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2014, Executive function and verbal self-regulation in childhood: Developmental linkages between partially internalized private speech and cognitive flexibility	—	—	—
Allan, NP et al., Developmental Psychology, 2014, Relations between inhibitory control and the development of academic skills in preschool and kindergarten: A meta-analysis	25069051	10.1037/a0037493	Cited
Atance, CM et al., Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2009, The development and coherence of future-oriented behaviors during the preschool years	19232416	10.1016/j.jecp.2009.01.001	Cited
Bell, MA et al., Child Development, 1992, The relations between frontal brain electrical activity and cognitive development during infancy	1446545	—	Cited
Bell, MA et al., Developmental Psychobiology, 1996, Crawling experience is related to changes in cortical organization during infancy: Evidence from EEG coherence	8911771	10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199611)29:7<551::AID-DEV1>3.0.CO;2-T	Cited
Bell, MA et al., Journal of Cognition and Development, 2012, Using EEG to study cognitive development: Issues and practices	23144592	10.1080/15248372.2012.691143	Cited
Bell, MA, Child Development, 2012, A psychobiological perspective on working memory performance at 8 months of age	22103396	10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01684.x	Cited
Bell, MA, Infancy, 2001, Brain electrical activity associated with cognitive processing during a looking version of the A-not-B object permanence task	33451207	10.1207/S15327078IN0203_2	Cited
Bell, MA, Psychophysiology, 2002, Power changes in infant EEG frequency bands during a spatial working memory task	12212637	10.1017.S0048577201393174	Cited
Berger, A et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006, Infant brains detect arithmetic errors	16894149	10.1073/pnas.0605350103	Cited
Bernier, A et al., Child Development, Longitudinal associations between the quality of maternal parenting behavior and brain development across infancy	27040719	10.1111/cdev.12518	Cited
Bunge, SA et al., Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2006, A Brain-Based Account of the Development of Rule Use in Childhood	—	—	—
Calkins, SD, Developmental Psychobiology, 1997, Cardiac vagal tone indices of temperamental reactivity and behavioral regulation in young children	9298638	10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199709)31:2<125::aid-dev5>3.0.co;2-m	Cited
Cicchetti, D et al., Development and Psychopathology, 2002, Editorial: Multiple levels of analysis	12349866	10.1017/s0954579402003012	Cited
Clohessy, AB et al., Acta Psychologica, 2001, Development of the functional visual field	11256339	10.1016/s0001-6918(00)00026-3	Cited
Coan, JA et al., Biological Psychology, 2004, Frontal EEG asymmetry as a moderator and mediator of emotion	15130524	10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.03.002	Cited
Colombo, J et al., Advances in child development and behavior, 2006, The emergence and basis of endogenous attention in infancy and early childhood	17120808	10.1016/s0065-2407(06)80010-8	Cited
Colonnesi, C et al., Developmental Review, 2010, The relation between pointing and language development: A meta-analysis	—	—	—
Corbetta, M et al., Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2002, Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain	11994752	10.1038/nrn755	Cited
Crone, EA et al., The Journal of Neuroscience, 2006, Brain regions mediating flexible rule use during development	17065463	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2165-06.2006	Cited
Cuevas, K et al., Developmental Science, 2014, What's mom got to do with it? Contributions of maternal executive function and caregiving to the development of executive function across early childhood	24410963	10.1111/desc.12073	Cited
Davidson, RJ et al., Handbook of Psychophysiology, 2000, Human electroencephalography	—	—	—
Dehaene-Lambertz, G et al., Neuron, 2015, The Infancy of the Human Brain	26447575	10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.026	Cited
Diamond, A, Principles of frontal lobe function, 2002, Normal development of prefrontal cortex from birth to young adulthood: Cognitive functions, anatomy, and biochemistry	—	—	—
Diamond, A, The epigenesis of mind: Essays on biology and cognition, 1991, Neuropsychological insights into the meaning of object concept development	—	—	—
Dollaghan, CA et al., International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2009, How well do poor language scores at ages 3 and 4 predict poor language scores at age 6?	—	—	—
Dunn, LM et al., Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—III, 1997	—	—	—
Eigsti, I et al., Psychological Science, 2006, Predicting Cognitive Control from Preschool to Late Adolescence and Young Adulthood	16771797	10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01732.x	Cited
Elliot, AJ, Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation, 2008, Approach and avoidance motivation	—	—	—
Fan, J et al., Neuroimage, 2005, The activation of attentional networks	15907304	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.004	Cited
Fein, G et al., Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1988, Common reference coherence data are confounded by power and phase effects	2453336	10.1016/0013-4694(88)90171-x	Cited
Fox, NA et al., Child Development, 2001, Continuity and discontinuity of behavioral inhibition and exuberance: Psychophysiological and behavioral influences across the first four years of life	11280472	10.1111/1467-8624.00262	Cited
Fox, NA et al., Development and Psychopathology, 1994, Neural plasticity and development in the first two years of life: Evidence from cognitive and socioemotional domains of research	—	—	—
Fox, NA, American Psychologist, 1991, If it's not left, it's right: Electroencephalograph asymmetry and the development of emotion	1928939	10.1037//0003-066x.46.8.863	Cited
Fox, SE et al., Child Development, 2010, How the timing and quality of early experiences influence the development of brain architecture	20331653	10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01380.x	Cited
Gardner-Neblett, N et al., Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2014, Linking preschool language and sustained attention with adolescent achievement through classroom self-reliance	—	—	—
Garon, N et al., Psychological Bulletin, 2008, Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework	18193994	10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.31	Cited
Gerardi-Caulton, G, Developmental Science, 2000, Sensitivity to spatial conflict and the development of self-regulation in children 24–36 months of age	—	—	—
Greenough, WT et al., Child Development, 1987, Experience and brain development	3038480	—	Cited
Grossman, AW et al., Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2003, Experience effects on brain development: Possible contributions to psychopathology	12553412	10.1111/1469-7610.t01-1-00102	Cited
Hagemann, D et al., Psychophysiology, 2001, The quest for the EEG reference revisited: A glance from brain asymmetry research	11577908	—	Cited
Harmon-Jones, E et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998, Anger and frontal brain activity: EEG asymmetry consistent with approach motivation despite negative affective valence	9599445	10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1310	Cited
Heilman, KM et al., Neuropsychologia, 1979, Right hemispheric dominance for mediating cerebral activation	514469	10.1016/0028-3932(79)90077-0	Cited
Herrmann, MJ et al., Cognitive Brain Research, 2004, Source localization (LORETA) of the error-related-negativity (ERN/Ne) and positivity (Pe)	15183400	10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.02.013	Cited
Hongwanishkul, D et al., Developmental Neuropsychology, 2005, Assessment of Hot and Cool Executive Function in Young Children: Age-Related Changes and Individual Differences	16144430	10.1207/s15326942dn2802_4	Cited
Hu, L et al., Structural Equation Modeling, 1999, Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives	—	—	—
Huttenlocher, PR, Neuropsychologia, 1990, Morphometric study of human cerebral cortex development	2203993	10.1016/0028-3932(90)90031-i	Cited
Jacques, S et al., The development of social cognition and communication, 2005, On the possible roots of cognitive flexibility	—	—	—
Jasper, H, EEG Clinical Neurophysiology, 1958, The 10/20 intemational electrode system	—	—	—
Kirkham, NZ et al., Developmental Science, 2003, Helping children apply their knowledge to their behavior on a dimension-switching task	—	—	—
Kirkham, NZ et al., Developmental Science, 2003, Sorting between theories of perseveration: performance in conflict tasks requires memory, attention and inhibition	—	—	—
Klimesch, W, Brain Research Reviews, 1999, EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: A review and analysis	10209231	10.1016/s0165-0173(98)00056-3	Cited
Kochanska, G et al., Child Development, 1996, Inhibitory control in young children and its role in emerging internalization	8625724	—	Cited
Koenderink, MJT et al., Brain Research, 1994, Postnatal maturation of the layer III pyramidal neurons in the human prefrontal cortex: A quantitative Golgi study	7982051	10.1016/0006-8993(94)90387-5	Cited
Kooijmans, R et al., Child Neuropsychology, 2000, Response inhibition and measures of psychopathology: A dimensional analysis	11402395	10.1076/chin.6.3.175.3154	Cited
Li, W et al., Neuroimage, 2013, Subregions of the human superior frontal gyrus and their connections	23587692	10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.011	Cited
Luck, SJ, An introduction to the event-related potential technique, 2005	—	—	—
Luinge, MR et al., Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2006, The ordering of milestones in language development for children from 1 to 6 years of age	17077206	10.1044/1092-4388(2006/067)	Cited
MacKinnon, DP et al., Multivariate Behavioral Research, 2004, Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods	20157642	10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4	Cited
Marsh, HW et al., Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2007, Applications of latent-variable models in educational psychology: The need for methodological-substantive synergies	—	—	—
Marshall, PJ et al., Clinical Neurophysiology, 2002, Development of the EEG from 5 months to 4 years of age	12139998	10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00163-3	Cited
Masten, AS et al., Development and Psychopathology, 2010, Developmental cascades	20576173	10.1017/S0954579410000222	Cited
Meaney, MJ et al., Trends in Neurosciences, 2005, Maternal care as a model for experience-dependent chromatin plasticity?	16054244	10.1016/j.tins.2005.07.006	Cited
Menting, B et al., Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2011, Language skills, peer rejection, and the development of externalizing behavior from kindergarten to fourth grade	21143229	10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02279.x	Cited
Mischel, W et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1972, Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification	5010404	10.1037/h0032198	Cited
Miskovic, V et al., International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2010, Frontal brain electrical asymmetry and cardiac vagal tone predict biased attention to social threat	20096313	10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.12.015	Cited
Miyake, A et al., Cognitive Psychology, 2000, The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex 'frontal lobe' tasks: A latent variable analysis	10945922	10.1006/cogp.1999.0734	Cited
Mulder, H et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 2014, Psychometric properties and convergent and predictive validity of an executive function test battery for two-year-olds	25101015	10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00733	Cited
Muthén, LK et al., Mplus: The comprehensive modeling program for applied researchers users' guide, 2012	—	—	—
Nathanson, L et al., Early Education and Development, 2009, Kindergarten adjustment difficulty: The contribution of children's effortful control and parental control	—	—	—
Nunez, PL, Electrical fields of the brain: The neurophysics of EEG, 1981	—	—	—
Nunez, PL, Neocortical dynamics and human EEG rhythms, 1995	—	—	—
Orekhova, EV et al., Clinical Neurophysiology, 2001, Alpha activity as an index of cortical inhibition during sustained internally controlled attention in infants	11336888	10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00502-8	Cited
Peake, PK et al., Developmental Psychology, 2002, Strategic attention deployment for delay of gratification in working and waiting situations	11881765	10.1037//0012-1649.38.2.313	Cited
Petersen, SE et al., Annual Review of Neuroscience, 2012, The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after	22524787	10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525	Cited
Piaget, J, The construction of reality in the child, 1954	—	—	—
Pizzagalli, DA, Handbook of psychophysiology, 2007, Electroencephalography and high density electrophysiological source localization	—	—	—
Posner, MI et al., Annual Review of Neuroscience, 1990, The attention system of the human brain	2183676	10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325	Cited
Posner, MI et al., Cognition and brain development: Converging evidence from various methodologies, 2013, Development of attention networks	—	—	—
Posner, MI et al., Educating the human brain, 2007	—	—	—
Posner, MI et al., Topics in integrative neuroscience, 2008, Attention as an organ system	—	—	—
Pozuelos, JP et al., Developmental Psychology, 2014, Development of attention networks and their interactions in childhood	25069052	10.1037/a0037469	Cited
Pérez-Edgar, K et al., Brain and Cognition, 2013, The relation between electroencephalogram asymmetry and attention biases to threat at baseline and under stress	23807238	10.1016/j.bandc.2013.05.009	Cited
Ridderinkhof, KR et al., Science, 2004, The Role of the Medial Frontal Cortex in Cognitive Control	15486290	10.1126/science.1100301	Cited
Rodriguez, ML et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1989, Cognitive person variables in the delay of gratification of older children at risk	2760808	10.1037//0022-3514.57.2.358	Cited
Rothbart, M et al., Journal of Personality, 2003, Developing mechanisms of temperamental effortful control	14633060	10.1111/1467-6494.7106009	Cited
Rothbart, MK et al., Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3, Social, emotional, and personality development, 2006, Temperament	—	—	—
Rueda, MR et al., AIMS Neuroscience, 2015, Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention: from Brain Mechanisms to Individual Differences in Efficiency	—	—	—
Saltzberg, B et al., International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing, 1986, Electrophysiological measures of regional neural interactive coupling. Linear and non-linear dependence relationships among multiple channel electroencephalographic recordings	3699920	10.1016/0020-7101(86)90050-4	Cited
Scofield, J et al., First Language, 2011, Clarifying the role of joint attention in early word learning	—	—	—
Sheese, BE et al., Infant Behavior & Development, 2008, Executive attention and self-regulation in infancy	18406466	10.1016/j.infbeh.2008.02.001	Cited
Shoda, Y et al., Developmental Psychology, 1990, Predicting adolescent cognitive and self-regulatory competencies from preschool delay of gratification: Identifying diagnostic conditions	—	—	—
Sroufe, LA, Development and Psychopathology, 2013, The promise of developmental psychopathology: Past and present	24342836	10.1017/S0954579413000576	Cited
Swingler, MM et al., Development and Psychopathology, 2015, Neural plasticity and the development of attention: Intrinsic and extrinsic influences	25997764	10.1017/S0954579415000085	Cited
Swingler, MM et al., Developmental Psychobiology, 2011, EEG power and coherence during preschoolers' performance of an executive function battery	21780084	10.1002/dev.20588	Cited
Thatcher, RW, Developmental Neuropsychology, 2012, Coherence, phase differences, phase shift, and phase lock in EEG/ERP analyses	22889341	10.1080/87565641.2011.619241	Cited
Thatcher, RW, Human behavior and the developing brain, 1994, Cyclic cortical reorganization: Origins of human cognitive development	—	—	—
Towse, JN et al., Cognitive Development, 2000, Understanding the dimensional change card sort: Perspectives from task success and failure	—	—	—
Vygotsky, LS, Thought and language, 1986	—	—	—
Yeniad, N et al., Cognitive Development, 2014, Cognitive flexibility children across the transition to school: A longitudinal study	—	—	—
Zelazo, PD et al., Cognitive Development, 1996, An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them	—	—	—
Zelazo, PD et al., Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2003, The development of executive function in early childhood: IV. Study 3: What do children perseverate on when they perseverate?	14723273	10.1111/j.0037-976x.2003.00260.x	Cited
Zelazo, PD, Psychological Reports, 2006, Implications of 3-yr.-olds' successful performance on a No Conflict version of the Dimensional Change Card Sort	16933685	10.2466/pr0.98.3.858-860	Cited

In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Association of Polygenic Liability for Alcohol Dependence and EEG Connectivity in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.	2019	31627376

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
Developmental patterns of mother-child similarity in executive function and electroencephalogram coherence.	Bertrand C et al.	—	2026	→
Differences in sleep EEG coherence and spindle metrics in toddlers with and without receptive/expressive language delay: a prospective observational study.	Hong X et al.	—	2025	→
Infant attention and frontal EEG neuromarkers of childhood ADHD.	Eng CM et al.	—	2025	→
Listening to development: How electroencephalography informs infant language and music research.	Bradley H et al.	—	2025	→
One, Two, Three, Eyes on Me: Infant EEG Power Predicts Toddler Executive Functioning Through Infant Attention.	Bruce M et al.	—	2025	→
Associations between EEG power and coherence with cognition and early precursors of speech and language development across the first months of life.	Bradley H et al.	—	2024	→
Regular sleep habits in toddlers are associated with social development and brain coherence.	Iwatani Y et al.	—	2024	→
Electroencephalogram aperiodic power spectral slope can be reliably measured and predicts ADHD risk in early development.	Karalunas SL et al.	—	2022	→
Self-regulation and frontal EEG alpha activity during infancy and early childhood: A multilevel meta-analysis.	Hofstee M et al.	—	2022	→
A genome-wide association study of interhemispheric theta EEG coherence: implications for neural connectivity and alcohol use behavior.	Meyers JL et al.	—	2021	→
Infant electroencephalogram coherence and early childhood inhibitory control: Foundations for social cognition in late childhood.	Broomell APR et al.	—	2021	→
Functional Brain Connectivity of Language Functions in Children Revealed by EEG and MEG: A Systematic Review.	Gaudet I et al.	—	2020	→
Relations between frontal EEG maturation and inhibitory control in preschool in the prediction of children's early academic skills.	Whedon M et al.	—	2020	→
Towards an integrated account of the development of self-regulation from a neurocognitive perspective: A framework for current and future longitudinal multi-modal investigations.	Vink M et al.	—	2020	→
Association of Polygenic Liability for Alcohol Dependence and EEG Connectivity in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.	Meyers JL et al.	—	2019	→
Functional brain connectivity in electrical status epilepticus in sleep.	Mott SH et al.	—	2019	→
Impaired Visual Search in Children with Rett Syndrome.	Rose SA et al.	—	2019	→
Individual differences in neonatal white matter are associated with executive function at 3 years of age.	Short SJ et al.	—	2019	→
Infant Electroencephalogram Coherence and Toddler Inhibition are Associated with Social Responsiveness at Age 4.	Broomell APR et al.	—	2019	→
Neural measures of anticipatory bodily attention in children: Relations with executive function.	Weiss SM et al.	—	2018	→