Executive cognitive functions and impulsivity as correlates of risk taking and problem behavior in preadolescents.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Romer, Daniel; Betancourt, Laura; Giannetta, Joan M; Brodsky, Nancy L; Farah, Martha; Hurt, Hallam
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Neuropsychologia
- PMID
- 19560477
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.019
- PMCID
- PMC2780004
Initiation of drug use and other risky behavior in preadolescence is associated with poor developmental outcomes. In this research, we examine models that ascribe the trajectory to (a) weak executive cognitive function (ECF), (b) early manifestation of externalizing problems, or (c) heightened levels of trait impulsivity. We test the explanatory power of these factors in a structural equation model with a community sample of 387 preadolescents ages 10-12 years. Participants were tested with a computerized battery of tasks to assess three facets of ECF (working memory, cognitive control, and reward processing) as well as with an audio assisted computerized self-interview to obtain reports of impulsivity and risk behaviors (use of cigarettes and alcohol as well as engaging in fighting and gambling for money) and a self-administered questionnaire to assess externalizing and internalizing problems. The best fitting model explained both early risk taking and externalizing symptoms as the result of individual differences in impulsivity. Although no ECF was directly related to risk taking, working memory and one measure of reward processing performance (reversal learning) were inversely related to impulsivity. The results are discussed in regard to theories of early risk taking with particular focus on the potential relation between ECF and impulsive behavior tendencies and the implications for early intervention to prevent the dysfunctional trajectory associated with early risk behavior.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| ACC | anatomy |
| addiction | phenotype |
| ADHD | phenotype |
| adolescents | cohort |
| adults | cohort |
| African American | cohort |
| age | phenotype |
| age 16 | cohort |
| age 19 local | cohort |
| aggression | phenotype |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| anterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| Anxiety/depression | phenotype |
| BART local | phenotype |
| Caregiver education local | phenotype |
| children | cohort |
| Children 7-12 with ADHD local | cohort |
| children ages 7 to 12 with ADHD local | cohort |
| Children at risk for drug use local | cohort |
| cigarettes | phenotype |
| cognitive ability | phenotype |
| cognitive control | phenotype |
| Cognitive control Stroop task local | phenotype |
| cognitive maturation local | phenotype |
| Color Stroop local | phenotype |
| Community sample of pre-adolescent youth local | cohort |
| conduct disorder | phenotype |
| Corsi Block Tapping total correct score local | phenotype |
| Counting Stroop local | phenotype |
| Digit Span | phenotype |
| dopamine | drug |
| dorsal brain area local | anatomy |
| dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| drugs | drug |
| early alcohol use | phenotype |
| Early drug use initiation local | phenotype |
| early initiation behaviors local | phenotype |
| Early initiation of risk behaviors local | phenotype |
| early risk behavior local | phenotype |
| Early risk behavior initiation local | phenotype |
| Early Substance Use local | drug |
| Early use of drugs local | phenotype |
| employment | phenotype |
| Excessive drug use local | phenotype |
| executive cognitive functions local | phenotype |
| Executive cognitive functions local | phenotype |
| Executive Cognitive Functions local | phenotype |
| executive control function local | phenotype |
| Executive Control Function local | phenotype |
| executive function | phenotype |
| externalizing behavior | phenotype |
| externalizing disorders | phenotype |
| externalizing problem behaviors local | phenotype |
| Externalizing problem behaviors local | phenotype |
| Eysenck1 local | phenotype |
| Eysenck2 local | phenotype |
| Failure to act without thinking local | phenotype |
| Family composition local | phenotype |
| fighting | phenotype |
| Flanker local | phenotype |
| Flanker task local | phenotype |
| four risk behaviors local | phenotype |
| frontal brain area local | anatomy |
| frontal control system local | anatomy |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| gambling for money local | phenotype |
| Gambling for money local | phenotype |
| General Risk Taking Tendencies local | phenotype |
| General risk-taking tendency local | phenotype |
| general tendency toward risky behavior local | phenotype |
| Genetic predisposition to alcohol abuse | phenotype |
| grade 4 local | phenotype |
| grade 5 local | phenotype |
| grade 6 local | phenotype |
| grade 7 local | phenotype |
| Grade in school local | phenotype |
| Harmful behavior local | phenotype |
| heavy use of potentially addictive drugs local | drug |
| Hollingshead Social Status Index local | phenotype |
| IGT local | phenotype |
| Impulse disorders local | phenotype |
| Impulsive and Disruptive Behavior local | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| inhibitory control | phenotype |
| intelligence (IQ) | phenotype |
| Internalizing behavior problems local | phenotype |
| internalizing disorders | phenotype |
| Internalizing problem behaviors local | phenotype |
| Iowa Gambling Task local | drug |
| Iowa Gambling Task | phenotype |
| lack of planning | phenotype |
| lateral prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| Letter Two Back total correct score local | phenotype |
| married parents local | phenotype |
| medial prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| multi-cohort longitudinal study local | cohort |
| multiple risk behaviors local | phenotype |
| Nigg et al. 2006 Study local | cohort |
| non-Hispanic whites | cohort |
| novelty seeking | phenotype |
| occipital brain area local | anatomy |
| orbitofrontal cortex | anatomy |
| orbitofrontal lesions local | phenotype |
| other drug use | phenotype |
| our cohort local | cohort |
| parents | cohort |
| pathological gambling | phenotype |
| Philadelphia schools local | cohort |
| poor behavioral control local | phenotype |
| Poor behavioral control local | phenotype |
| Poor Behavior Control local | phenotype |
| Pre-adolescent Cohort (ages 10-12) local | cohort |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| Present cohort local | cohort |
| problem behavior | phenotype |
| reaction time difference score local | phenotype |
| reversal learning | phenotype |
| Reversal learning (reward processing) local | phenotype |
| reward processing | phenotype |
| right prefrontal brain region local | anatomy |
| Risk behavior initiation local | phenotype |
| Risk takers local | phenotype |
| risk taking | phenotype |
| risk-taking behavior | phenotype |
| rule-breaking behavior | phenotype |
| self-regulation | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| sexual behaviors leading to sexually transmitted diseases local | phenotype |
| sexual behaviors leading to unintended pregnancy local | phenotype |
| somatic complaints | phenotype |
| spatial working memory | phenotype |
| Stimulus-reinforcement association learning local | phenotype |
| Stroop Effect local | phenotype |
| Stroop task | phenotype |
| study cohort | cohort |
| subcortical reward system local | anatomy |
| substance use | phenotype |
| SUD | phenotype |
| tobacco use | phenotype |
| ventral brain area local | anatomy |
| ventral striatum | anatomy |
| Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition local | phenotype |
| Withdrawal/depression local | phenotype |
| working memory | phenotype |
| working memory ability local | phenotype |
| Working memory ability local | phenotype |
| working memory capacity local | phenotype |
| Working memory capacity local | phenotype |
| working memory (two-back task) local | phenotype |
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