Genetic influences on measures of the environment: a systematic review.
- Authors
- Kendler, Kenneth S; Baker, Jessica H
- Year
- 2007
- Journal
- Psychological medicine
- PMID
- 17176502
- DOI
- 10.1017/S0033291706009524
BACKGROUND: Traditional models of psychiatric epidemiology often assume that the relationship between individuals and their environment is unidirectional, from environment to person. Accumulating evidence from developmental and genetic studies has made this perspective increasingly untenable. METHOD: Literature search using Medline, PsycINFO, article references and contact with experts to identify all papers examining the heritability of measures of environments of relevance to psychiatry/psychology. RESULTS: We identified 55 independent studies organized into seven categories: general and specific stressful life events (SLEs), parenting as reported by child, parenting reported by parent, family environment, social support, peer interactions, and marital quality. Thirty-five environmental measures in these categories were examined by at least two studies and produced weighted heritability estimates ranging from 7% to 39%, with most falling between 15% and 35%. The weighted heritability for all environmental measures in all studies was 27%. The weighted heritability for environmental measures by rating method was: self-report 29%, informant report 26%, and direct rater or videotape observation (typically examining 10 min of behavior) 14%. CONCLUSION: Genetic influences on measures of the environment are pervasive in extent and modest to moderate in impact. These findings largely reflect 'actual behavior' rather than 'only perceptions'. Etiologic models for psychiatric illness need to account for the non-trivial influences of genetic factors on environmental experiences.
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| Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Frequency of Play with Pets among Middle-Aged Men: A Behavioral Genetic Analysis. | Jacobson KC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Some (but not much) progress toward understanding teenage childbearing: a review of research from the past decade. | Coyne CA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The Association between Positive Parenting and Externalizing Behavior. | Boeldt DL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| The genetic and environmental structure of the covariation among the symptoms of insomnia, fatigue, and depression in adult females. | Hur YM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| The magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on parental and observational measures of behavioral inhibition and shyness in toddlerhood. | Smith AK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Commentary: Why are children in the same family so different? Non-shared environment three decades later. | Plomin R | β | 2011 | β |
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| Genetics of white matter development: a DTI study of 705 twins and their siblings aged 12 to 29. | Chiang MC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Research review: gene-environment interaction research in youth depression - a systematic review with recommendations for future research. | Dunn EC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Childhood parental loss and adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. | Tyrka AR et al. | β | 2008 | β |
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| Emanuel Miller Lecture: early onset depressions--meanings, mechanisms and processes. | Goodyer IM | β | 2008 | β |
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| Marital quality moderates genetic and environmental influences on the internalizing spectrum. | South SC et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Role of epigenetics in mental disorders. | Stuffrein-Roberts S et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Shared and unique risk factors between lifetime purging and objective binge eating: a twin study. | Wade TD et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Socioeconomic status and social support following illicit drug use: causal pathways or common liability? | Bergen SE et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The changing impact of genes and environment on brain development during childhood and adolescence: initial findings from a neuroimaging study of pediatric twins. | Lenroot RK et al. | β | 2008 | β |
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| An investigation of a measure of twins' equal environments. | Mitchell KS et al. | β | 2007 | β |
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| Proceeding From Observed Correlation to Causal Inference: The Use of Natural Experiments. | Rutter M | β | 2007 | β |