Co-occurrence of abuse of different drugs in men: the role of drug-specific and shared vulnerabilities.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Tsuang, M T; Lyons, M J; Meyer, J M; Doyle, T; Eisen, S A; Goldberg, J; True, W; Lin, N; Toomey, R; Eaves, L
- Year
- 1998
- Journal
- Archives of general psychiatry
- PMID
- 9819064
- DOI
- 10.1001/archpsyc.55.11.967
BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated genetic and environmental influences on abuse of individual substances, but there is less known about how these factors may influence the co-occurrence of abuse of different illicit drugs. METHODS: We studied 3372 male twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. They were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version III, Revised to investigate the extent to which the abuse of different categories of drugs occurs together within an individual, as well as the possibility that genetic and environmental factors are responsible for observed co-occurrence. Co-occurrence was quantified using odds ratios and conditional probabilities. Multivariate biometrical modeling analyses were used to assess genetic and environmental influences on co-occurrence. RESULTS: Abusing any category of drug was associated with a marked increase in the probability of abusing every other category of drugs. We found evidence for a shared or common vulnerability factor that underlies the abuse of marijuana, sedatives, stimulants, heroin or opiates, and psychedelics. This shared vulnerability is influenced by genetic, family environmental, and nonfamily environmental factors, but not every drug is influenced to the same extent by the shared vulnerability factor. Marijuana, more than other drugs, was influenced by family environmental factors. Each category of drug, except psychedelics, had genetic influences unique to itself (ie, not shared with other drug categories). Heroin had larger genetic influences unique to itself than did any other drug. CONCLUSION: There are genetically and environmentally determined characteristics that comprise a shared or common vulnerability to abuse a range of illicit drugs.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polysubstance use disorders among US adults. | Han B et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Decoding Encoded Cravings: Epigenetic Drivers of Addiction. | Hediyal TA et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Epigenome-wide association study of placental co-methylated regions in newborns for prenatal opioid exposure. | Meijer M et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Genetic and Epigenetic Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder. | Ranadeva ND et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Identification of variants from gene expression data of opioid-addicted patients. | Ajmeriya S et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Identifying compounds to treat opiate use disorder by leveraging multi-omic data integration and multiple drug repurposing databases. | Stratford JK et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Inbred rat heredity and sex affect oral oxycodone self-administration and augmented intake in long sessions: correlations with anxiety and novelty-seeking. | Sharp BM et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Predicting postoperative chronic opioid use with fair machine learning models integrating multi-modal data sources: a demonstration of ethical machine learning in healthcare. | Soley N et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Validation studies and multiomics analysis of Zhx2 as a candidate quantitative trait gene underlying brain oxycodone metabolite (oxymorphone) levels and behavior. | Lynch WB et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Whole-exome sequencing study of opioid dependence offers novel insights into the contributions of exome variants. | Wang L et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Causation and Common Liability in the Progression of the U.S. Opioid Crisis. | Dash GF et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Considerations for the application of polygenic scores to clinical care of individuals with substance use disorders. | Kember RL et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Decoding cocaine-induced proteomic adaptations in the mouse nucleus accumbens. | Mews P et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Differential etiologic associations of heroin use and prescription opioid misuse with psychopathology. | Dash GF et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: Distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention. | Hunt A et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Generalized genetic liability to substance use disorders. | Miller AP et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Genetic Variants Linked to Opioid Addiction: A Genome-Wide Association Study. | Panday SK et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Media framings of the role of genomics in "addiction" in the United States from 2015 to 2019: Individualized risk, biomedical expertise, and the limits of destigmatization. | Hendy K | β | 2024 | β |
| Molecular and Environmental Determinants of Addictive Substances. | Lorek M et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Opioid trail: Tracking contributions to opioid use disorder from host genetics to the gut microbiome. | Duffy EP et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Sex and genetic background influence intravenous oxycodone self-administration in the hybrid rat diversity panel. | Duffy EP et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Stigmata that are desired: Contradictions in addiction. | Vanyukov MM | β | 2024 | β |
| The genetic landscape of substance use disorders. | Gerring ZF et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Transcriptomic effects of paternal cocaine-seeking on the reward circuitry of male offspring. | Huang N et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Trends in Prevalence of Cannabis Use Disorder Among U.S. Veterans With and Without Psychiatric Disorders Between 2005 and 2019. | Livne O et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Whole-exome sequencing study of opioid dependence offers novel insights into the contributions of exome variants | Wang L et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| A novel tetra-primer ARMS-PCR for genotyping of the OPRM1 gene rs1799971 variant associated with opioid use disorders. | Wijekumar PJ et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field. | Abi-Dargham A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Can severity of substance use be measured across drug classes? Estimating differential item functioning by drug class in two general measures of substance use severity. | Janulis P et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Cross-generational transmission of genetic risk for alcohol and drug use disorders: the impact of substance availability on the specificity of genetic risk. | Kendler KS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Deconstructing the heterogeneity of alcohol use disorder: lifetime comorbid non-alcohol substance use disorder as a distinct behavioral phenotype? | Farmer RF et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Physical inactivity during adolescence heightens risk for cannabis use disorder in adulthood. | Tarter RE et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Pleiotropic loci for cannabis use disorder severity in multi-ancestry high-risk populations. | Peng Q et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Principal component regression analysis of familial psychiatric histories and suicide risk factors among adults with opioid use disorder. | Szlyk HS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Risk assessment of substance use disorders based on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). | James LM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Specificity in genetic and environmental risk for prescription opioid misuse and heroin use. | Dash GF et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Substance use disorder is the outcome of deviant socialization: A prospective investigation spanning childhood to adulthood. | Reynolds M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Concept of Resistance to Substance Use and a Research Approach: The Resist! Project. | Vanyukov MM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Interrelationship of the Genetic Risks for Different Forms of Substance Use Disorder in a Swedish National Sample: A Top-Down Genetic Analysis. | Kendler KS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| A cross-sectional study of substance use in patients with schizophrenia hospitalized for relapse at the Ar-Razi Psychiatric Hospital in SalΓ©, CHU Ibn Sina Rabat, Morocco. | Abderemane A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Dose titration with the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, liraglutide, reduces cue- and drug-induced heroin seeking in high drug-taking rats. | Evans B et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Family-Based Predictors of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Recurrence and New Non-Alcohol Substance Use Disorder Onset Following Initial AUD Recovery. | Farmer RF et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genome-wide association study in individuals of European and African ancestry and multi-trait analysis of opioid use disorder identifies 19 independent genome-wide significant risk loci. | Deak JD et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Historical Pathways for Opioid Addiction, Withdrawal with Traditional and Alternative Treatment Options with Ketamine, Cannabinoids, and Noribogaine: A Narrative Review. | Edinoff AN et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Predicting the Onset of Opioid Use Disorder in the Swedish General Population. | Kendler KS et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Social Determinants of Inter-Individual Variability and Vulnerability: The Role of Dopamine. | Faure P et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Substance Use Among Residents of Homeless Shelters During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From France. | Scarlett H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Survey of Opioid Risk Tool Among Cancer Patients Receiving Opioid Analgesics. | Oh SY et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The genetic aetiology of cannabis use: from twin models to genome-wide association studies and beyond. | Verweij KJH et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Ratio of Second and Fourth Digit Length: A Biomarker for Methamphetamine Dependence? | Kim Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Zhx2 Is a Candidate Gene Underlying Oxymorphone Metabolite Brain Concentration Associated with State-Dependent Oxycodone Reward. | Beierle JA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A systems omics-based approach to decode substance use disorders and neuroadaptations. | Veerappa A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Behavioral predictors of individual differences in opioid addiction vulnerability as measured using i.v. self-administration in rats. | Swain Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Bibliometric Insights in Genetic Factors of Substance-Related Disorders: Intellectual Developments, Turning Points, and Emerging Trends. | Wang K et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Delay discounting and neurocognitive correlates among inner city adolescents with and without family history of substance use disorder. | Rodriguez-Moreno DV et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Differential behavioral functioning in the offspring of rats with high vs. low self-administration of the opioid agonist remifentanil. | Rezvani AH et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Early Life Stress and Risks for Opioid Misuse: Review of Data Supporting Neurobiological Underpinnings. | Oswald LM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| [Genetics and pain: approach and implications in clinical practice]. | Montero AA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genetics of substance use disorders: a review. | Deak JD et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genetic Vulnerability to Opioid Addiction. | Reed B et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genome-Wide Correlation of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Postmortem Brain Tissues of Opioid Use Disorder Patients. | Liu A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genomic and Personalized Medicine Approaches for Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) Looking at Genome-Wide Association Studies. | Cozzoli D et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Identification of a sex-stratified genetic algorithm for opioid addiction risk. | Bright D et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Identification of novel risk loci with shared effects on alcoholism, heroin, and methamphetamine dependence. | Sun Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Individual Differences in Different Measures of Opioid Self-Administration in Rats Are Accounted for by a Single Latent Variable. | Swain Y et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Sex and heredity are determinants of drug intake in a novel model of rat oral oxycodone self-administration. | Sharp BM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Synaptic Adaptations at the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus Underlie Individual Differences in Cocaine Avoidance Behavior. | Parrilla-Carrero J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The Association between a MAOB Variable Number Tandem Repeat Polymorphism and Cocaine and Opiate Addictions in Polyconsumers. | Mateu C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Translational Systematic Review of Reviews. | Boness CL et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The Genomics of Opioid Addiction Longitudinal Study (GOALS): study design for a prospective evaluation of genetic and non-genetic factors for development of and recovery from opioid use disorder. | Heil J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Towards the Development of a Substance Abuse Index (SEI) through Informatics. | Guttha N et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Typologies of illicit drug use in mid-adulthood: a quasi-longitudinal latent class analysis in a community-based sample of twins. | Dash GF et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Analysis of substance use and its outcomes by machine learning: II. Derivation and prediction of the trajectory of substance use severity. | Hu Z et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Association studies of dopamine synthesis and metabolism genes with multiple phenotypes of heroin dependence. | Li Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Endogenous Opioids at the Intersection of Opioid Addiction, Pain, and Depression: The Search for a Precision Medicine Approach. | Emery MA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Genome-Wide Association Study of Opioid Cessation. | Cox JW et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Investigation of the discrimination and characterization of blood serum structure in patients with opioid use disorder using IR spectroscopy and PCA-LDA analysis. | Guleken Z et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| microRNA-422a Inhibits DCC Expression in a Manner Dependent on SNP rs12607853. | Li Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Markers for Addiction: Common vs. Specific Endophenotypes for Heroin and Amphetamine Dependence. | Long EC et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Non-pharmacological factors that determine drug use and addiction. | Ahmed SH et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Role of genetic background in the effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on mesolimbic dopamine transmission. | Cadoni C et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The Streetlight Effect: Reappraising the Study of Addiction in Light of the Findings of Genome-wide Association Studies. | Hall FS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| What's new in chronic pain pathophysiology. | Cohen I et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| ΞΊ Opioid Receptor 1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms were Associated with the Methadone Dosage. | Zhang Q et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| A case-control genome wide association study of substance use disorder (SUD) identifies novel variants on chromosome 7p14.1 in patients from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). | Alblooshi H et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| A review of opioid addiction genetics. | Crist RC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Association of CamK2A genetic variants with transition time from occasional to regular heroin use in a sample of heroin-dependent individuals. | Eirich A et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Characterization of DSM-IV Opioid Dependence Among Individuals of European Ancestry. | Brick LA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Family Aggregation of Substance Use Disorders: Substance Specific, Nonspecific, and Intrafamilial Sources of Risk. | Farmer RF et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genetic and environmental risk factors in the non-medical use of over-the-counter or prescribed analgesics, and their relationship to major classes of licit and illicit substance use and misuse in a population-based sample of young adult twins. | Gillespie NA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Heroin versus cocaine: opposite choice as a function of context but not of drug history in the rat. | De Luca MT et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Impulsivities and addictions: a multidimensional integrative framework informing assessment and interventions for substance use disorders. | Vassileva J et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| <i>OPRM1</i> A118G Polymorphisms and Its Role in Opioid Addiction: Implication on Severity and Treatment Approaches. | Taqi MM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Mega-Analysis of Gray Matter Volume in Substance Dependence: General and Substance-Specific Regional Effects. | Mackey S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Opioid Addiction, Genetic Susceptibility, and Medical Treatments: A Review. | Wang SC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Shared and specific associations of substance use disorders on adverse outcomes: A national prospective study. | Franco S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Significant association of DRD2 enhancer variant rs12364283 with heroin addiction in a Pakistani population. | Jabeen S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Substance Use Disorder, Intravenous Injection, and HIV Infection: A Review. | Wang SC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Tobacco, Alcohol, Drug Use, and Intimate Partner Violence Among MSM Living With HIV. | Chen WT et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Transgenerational influence of parental morphine exposure on pain perception, anxiety-like behavior and passive avoidance memory among male and female offspring of Wistar rats. | Ahmadian-Moghadam H et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| An analysis of genetic association in opioid dependence susceptibility. | Nagaya D et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Associations between personality disorders and cannabis use and cannabis use disorder: a population-based twin study. | Gillespie NA et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Denise Kandel's classic work on the gateway sequence of drug acquisition. | Lynskey MT et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Differences in decision-making as a function of drug of choice. | Gowin JL et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Environmental, genetic and epigenetic contributions to cocaine addiction. | Pierce RC et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Evaluation of prodynorphin gene polymorphisms and their association with heroin addiction in a sample of the southeast Iranian population. | Hashemi M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Heroin Abuse Results in Shifted RNA Expression to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Attenuation of TNFΞ± Signaling Pathway. | Zhu M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Molecular Genetics and New Medication Strategies for Opioid Addiction. | Hurd YL et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| NGF gene polymorphisms are not associated with heroin dependence in a Taiwanese male population. | Tsou CC et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Validation of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) With Bulgarian Substance Dependent Individuals. | Long EC et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A brief review of the genetics and pharmacogenetics of opioid use disorders. | Berrettini W | β | 2017 | β |
| Association Between Substance Use Disorder and Polygenic Liability to Schizophrenia. | Hartz SM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Bacterial Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Substance Use Disorders Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Deep Sequencing. | Xu Y et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Drug-seeking motivation level in male rats determines offspring susceptibility or resistance to cocaine-seeking behaviour. | Le Q et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| DSM-5 cannabis use disorder, substance use and DSM-5 specific substance-use disorders: Evaluating comorbidity in a population-based sample. | Hayley AC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Heritability of lifetime ecstasy use. | Verweij KJH et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Prior Exposure to Alcohol Has No Effect on Cocaine Self-Administration and Relapse in Rats: Evidence from a Rat Model that Does Not Support the Gateway Hypothesis. | Fredriksson I et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Sex Differences in Methamphetamine Use and Dependence in a Thai Treatment Center. | Rungnirundorn T et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Age at first use and later substance use disorder: Shared genetic and environmental pathways for nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis. | Richmond-Rakerd LS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| A Population-Based Study of Four Genes Associated with Heroin Addiction in Han Chinese. | Li Y et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Association of the OPRM1 Variant rs1799971 (A118G) with Non-Specific Liability to Substance Dependence in a Collaborative de novo Meta-Analysis of European-Ancestry Cohorts. | Schwantes-An TH et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Dermatoglyphic Characteristics of Opium Addicts with Healthy Individuals. | Mehrpour O et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Evidence of CNIH3 involvement in opioid dependence. | Nelson EC et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Genetic imaging consortium for addiction medicine: From neuroimaging to genes. | Mackey S et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Item Response Theory Analysis to Assess Dimensionality of Substance Use Disorder Abuse and Dependence Symptoms. | Kirisci L et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Machine-learning identifies substance-specific behavioral markers for opiate and stimulant dependence. | Ahn WY et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Opioid Abuse in Chronic Pain--Misconceptions and Mitigation Strategies. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Opioid Use Disorders. | Sharma B et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Psychometric modeling of abuse and dependence symptoms across six illicit substances indicates novel dimensions of misuse. | Clark SL et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Temperament and externalizing behavior as mediators of genetic risk on adolescent substance use. | Trucco EM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The Relationship Between Eating Disorder Symptoms and Treatment Rejection among Young Adult Men in Residential Substance Use Treatment. | Elmquist J et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The relationship between polymorphisms of BDNFOS and BDNF genes and heroin addiction in the Han Chinese population. | Jin T et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| A population-based Swedish Twin and Sibling Study of cannabis, stimulant and sedative abuse in men. | Kendler KS et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Association of substance dependence phenotypes in the COGA sample. | Wetherill L et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Brain pathways to recovery from alcohol dependence. | Cui C et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Cis-Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping Reveals Replicable Associations with Heroin Addiction in OPRM1. | Hancock DB et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Commonalities and Differences Across Substance Use Disorders: Phenomenological and Epidemiological Aspects. | Shmulewitz D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Externalizing behavior and emotion dysregulation are indicators of transmissible risk for substance use disorder. | Kirisci L et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genetic and Environmental Interplay in Adolescent Substance Use Disorders. | Hines LA et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genetic relationship between the addiction diagnosis in adults and their childhood measure of addiction liability. | Vanyukov M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Genetic variation of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) influences the acute subjective responses to cocaine in volunteers with cocaine use disorders. | Brewer AJ et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Longitudinal Modeling of the Association Between Transmissible Risk, Affect During Drug Use and Development of Substance Use Disorder. | Tarter RE et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Multigenerational and transgenerational inheritance of drug exposure: The effects of alcohol, opiates, cocaine, marijuana, and nicotine. | Yohn NL et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Parental Separation and Offspring Alcohol Involvement: Findings from Offspring of Alcoholic and Drug Dependent Twin Fathers. | Grant JD et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Revisiting the 'self-medication' hypothesis in light of the new data linking low striatal dopamine to comorbid addictive behavior. | Awad AG et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Synaptic Plasticity and Signal Transduction Gene Polymorphisms and Vulnerability to Drug Addictions in Populations of European or African Ancestry. | Levran O et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The CHANGE Study: Methods and Sample Description for a Cross-Sectional Study of Heroin Cessation in New York City. | Ompad DC et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| X Chromosome Inactivation in Opioid Addicted Women. | Vousooghi N et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| A new approach to researching the etiology of cannabis use disorder: integrating transmissible and nontransmissible risk within a developmental framework. | Tarter R et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Association of OPRD1 polymorphisms with heroin dependence in a large case-control series. | Nelson EC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Association of the HTR2A gene with alcohol and heroin abuse. | Cao J et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Comparing the utility of homogeneous subtypes of cocaine use and related behaviors with DSM-IV cocaine dependence as traits for genetic association analysis. | Bi J et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Drug addiction and stress-response genetic variability: association study in African Americans. | Levran O et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetic and environmental risk factors for illicit substance use and use disorders: Joint analysis of self and co-twin ratings. | Ystrom E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genetics of Opioid Dependence: A Review of the Genetic Contribution to Opioid Dependence. | Mistry CJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Is a 'general' theory of addiction possible? A commentary on: a multistep general theory of transition to addiction. | Badiani A | β | 2014 | β |
| Neurobiology of adolescent substance use and addictive behaviors: treatment implications. | Hammond CJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Parental history of substance use disorders (SUD) and SUD in offspring: a controlled family study of bipolar disorder. | Wilens TE et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Reduced dopamine response to amphetamine in subjects at ultra-high risk for addiction. | Casey KF et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) SNP rs1076560 is associated with opioid addiction. | Clarke TK et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The impact of exposure to addictive drugs on future generations: Physiological and behavioral effects. | Vassoler FM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The role of the habenula in drug addiction. | Velasquez KM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Trajectory of adolescent cannabis use on addiction vulnerability. | Hurd YL et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Why is neuroimmunopharmacology crucial for the future of addiction research? | Hutchinson MR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Alcohol and tobacco use disorder comorbidity in young adults and the influence of romantic partner environments. | Meacham MC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Alternative CHRNB4 3'-UTRs mediate the allelic effects of SNP rs1948 on gene expression. | Gallego X et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Analyzing Interaction of ΞΌ-, Ξ΄- and ΞΊ-opioid Receptor Gene Variants on Alcohol or Drug Dependence Using a Pattern Discovery-based Method. | Li Z et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| ANKK1, TTC12, and NCAM1 polymorphisms and heroin dependence: importance of considering drug exposure. | Nelson EC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Are addictions diseases or choices? | Leyton M | β | 2013 | β |
| Association between DRD2, 5-HTTLPR, and ALDH2 genes and specific personality traits in alcohol- and opiate-dependent patients. | Wang TY et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Biological contributions to addictions in adolescents and adults: prevention, treatment, and policy implications. | Potenza MN | β | 2013 | β |
| Butyrylcholinesterase genetic variants: association with cocaine dependence and related phenotypes. | NegrΓ£o AB et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Caffeinated Alcoholic Beverages - An Emerging Trend in Alcohol Abuse. | Franklin KM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Case-control association analysis of polymorphisms in the Ξ΄-opioid receptor, OPRD1, with cocaine and opioid addicted populations. | Crist RC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Case-control association study of WLS variants in opioid and cocaine addicted populations. | Crist RC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| ELK1 transcription factor linked to dysregulated striatal mu opioid receptor signaling network and OPRM1 polymorphism in human heroin abusers. | Daws SE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Epigenetic inheritance of a cocaine-resistance phenotype. | Vassoler FM et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Genetic variation of the ghrelin signalling system in individuals with amphetamine dependence. | Suchankova P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Implications of genome wide association studies for addiction: are our a priori assumptions all wrong? | Hall FS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Longitudinal modeling of transmissible risk in boys who subsequently develop cannabis use disorder. | Kirisci L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Low frequency genetic variants in the ΞΌ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) affect risk for addiction to heroin and cocaine. | Clarke TK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Managing relapses: encouraging the engagement of alternative rewarding activities. | Roozen HG | β | 2013 | β |
| Multivariate analysis of dopaminergic gene variants as risk factors of heroin dependence. | Vereczkei A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Parent, sibling and peer associations with subtypes of psychiatric and substance use disorder comorbidity in offspring. | McCutcheon VV et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Quick screen to detect current substance use disorder in adolescents and the likelihood of future disorder. | Kirisci L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Relation among HPA and HPG neuroendocrine systems, transmissible risk and neighborhood quality on development of substance use disorder: results of a 10-year prospective study. | Tarter RE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Shattered childhoods and the genetics of heroin dependence. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Stability and change of genetic and environmental effects on the common liability to alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis DSM-IV dependence symptoms. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Striatal ups and downs: their roles in vulnerability to addictions in humans. | Leyton M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Substance-specific environmental influences on drug use and drug preference in animals and humans. | Badiani A | β | 2013 | β |
| The ADH1B and DRD2 gene polymorphism may modify the protective effect of the ALDH2 gene against heroin dependence. | Wang TY et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Variants in the 15q25 gene cluster are associated with risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. | Jackson KJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A common genetic network underlies substance use disorders and disruptive or externalizing disorders. | Arcos-Burgos M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Associations between substance use disorders and major depression in parents and late adolescent-emerging adult offspring: an adoption study. | Marmorstein NR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Associations of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and drug use/dependence with educational attainment: evidence from cotwin-control analyses. | Grant JD et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association study of the Ξ²-arrestin 2 gene (ARRB2) with opioid and cocaine dependence in a European-American population. | Ambrose-Lanci LM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Autosomal linkage scan for loci predisposing to comorbid dependence on multiple substances. | Yang BZ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Candidate pathway association study in cocaine dependence: the control of neurotransmitter release. | FernΓ ndez-Castillo N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cannabis-dependence risk relates to synergism between neuroticism and proenkephalin SNPs associated with amygdala gene expression: case-control study. | Jutras-Aswad D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cognitive dysfunction and anxious-impulsive personality traits are endophenotypes for drug dependence. | Ersche KD et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Common and specific liability to addiction: approaches to association studies of opioid addiction. | Nielsen DA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Custom genotyping for substance addiction susceptibility genes in Jordanians of Arab descent. | Al-Eitan LN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Does the "gateway" sequence increase prediction of cannabis use disorder development beyond deviant socialization? Implications for prevention practice and policy. | Tarter RE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Epidemiology of substance use disorders. | Merikangas KR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Epigenetics of drug abuse: predisposition or response. | Nielsen DA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic association analyses of PDYN polymorphisms with heroin and cocaine addiction. | Clarke TK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic etiology of the common liability to drug dependence: evidence of common and specific mechanisms for DSM-IV dependence symptoms. | Palmer RH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| How does the social environment 'get into the mind'? Epigenetics at the intersection of social and psychiatric epidemiology. | Toyokawa S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Implications of central immune signaling caused by drugs of abuse: mechanisms, mediators and new therapeutic approaches for prediction and treatment of drug dependence. | Coller JK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Individual differences in rhesus monkeys' demand for drugs of abuse. | Koffarnus MN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Maintenance medication for opiate addiction: the foundation of recovery. | Bart G | β | 2012 | β |
| Mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a predictor of treatment outcome in opiate-dependent individuals of Arab descent. | Al-Eitan LN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Nerve growth factor Ξ² polypeptide (NGFB) genetic variability: association with the methadone dose required for effective maintenance treatment. | Levran O et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Nonmedical use of prescription medications among adolescents in the United States: a systematic review. | Young AM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology and molecular genetics of substance use disorders. | Kendler KS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Relationship of substance abuse to dependence in the U.S. general population. | Saha TD et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Revisiting the concepts of risk and protective factors for understanding the etiology and development of substance use and substance use disorders: implications for prevention. | Sloboda Z et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Subjective effects for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana association with cross-drug outcomes. | Zeiger JS et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene is associated with heroin dependence. | Wang TY et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetics of addiction-a translational perspective. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The genetics of substance dependence. | Wang JC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The MTHFR C677T Variant is Associated with Responsiveness to Disulfiram Treatment for Cocaine Dependency. | Spellicy CJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Variation in regulator of G-protein signaling 17 gene (RGS17) is associated with multiple substance dependence diagnoses. | Zhang H et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association between heroin dependence and prodynorphin gene polymorphisms. | Wei SG et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene polymorphisms and marijuana misuse interactions on white matter and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. | Ho BC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Common and drug-specific genetic influences on subjective effects to alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use. | Haberstick BC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Could a continuous measure of individual transmissible risk be useful in clinical assessment of substance use disorder? Findings from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. | Ridenour TA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Deviant socialization mediates transmissible and contextual risk on cannabis use disorder development: a prospective study. | Tarter RE et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Genetic vulnerability and susceptibility to substance dependence. | Bierut LJ | β | 2011 | β |
| Genomic regions identified by overlapping clusters of nominally-positive SNPs from genome-wide studies of alcohol and illegal substance dependence. | Johnson C et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Heroin-dependent family: a biopsychosocial context. | Jhanjee S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| How do prescription opioid users differ from users of heroin or other drugs in psychopathology: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. | Wu LT et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Individuals family history positive for alcoholism show functional magnetic resonance imaging differences in reward sensitivity that are related to impulsivity factors. | Andrews MM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Linkage analyses of stimulant dependence, craving, and heavy use in American Indians. | Ehlers CL et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Opiate versus psychostimulant addiction: the differences do matter. | Badiani A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Psychopathological aspects of dopaminergic gene polymorphisms in adolescence and young adulthood. | Nemoda Z et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| "Replicated" genome wide association for dependence on illegal substances: genomic regions identified by overlapping clusters of nominally positive SNPs. | Drgon T et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Sex differences and developmental stability in genetic and environmental influences on psychoactive substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood. | Baker JH et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Strategies for characterizing complex phenotypes and environments: general and specific family environmental predictors of young adult tobacco dependence, alcohol use disorder, and co-occurring problems. | Bailey JA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The AVPR1A gene and substance use disorders: association, replication, and functional evidence. | Maher BS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| To what extent does a cohort of new users of weak opioids develop persistent or probable problematic opioid use? | Skurtveit S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Use of item response theory and latent class analysis to link poly-substance use disorders with addiction severity, HIV risk, and quality of life among opioid-dependent patients in the Clinical Trials Network. | Wu LT et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A cotwin-control analysis of drug use and abuse/dependence risk associated with early-onset cannabis use. | Grant JD et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Association of functional variants in the dopamine D2-like receptors with risk for gambling behaviour in healthy Caucasian subjects. | Lobo DS et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Association of VNTR polymorphisms in the MAOA promoter and DRD4 exon 3 with heroin dependence in male Chinese addicts. | Chien CC et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Cannabis dependence in the San Francisco Family Study: age of onset of use, DSM-IV symptoms, withdrawal, and heritability. | Ehlers CL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Considering the risks of benzodiazepines and opioids together. | Webster LR | β | 2010 | β |
| Dose preference and dose escalation in extended-access cocaine self-administration in Fischer and Lewis rats. | Picetti R et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Evidence for association of two variants of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor gene OPRL1 with vulnerability to develop opiate addiction in Caucasians. | Briant JA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genetically informative research on adolescent substance use: methods, findings, and challenges. | Lynskey MT et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genetic and environmental influences on cannabis use initiation and problematic use: a meta-analysis of twin studies. | Verweij KJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genetic and environmental risk factors for adolescent-onset substance use disorders. | Meyers JL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome wide association for addiction: replicated results and comparisons of two analytic approaches. | Drgon T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide association for smoking cessation success: participants in the Patch in Practice trial of nicotine replacement. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide association study identifies genes that may contribute to risk for developing heroin addiction. | Nielsen DA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| How to find non-dependent opiate users: a comparison of sampling methods in a field study of opium and heroin users. | Korf DJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Introduction to behavioral addictions. | Grant JE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Linkage analyses of cannabis dependence, craving, and withdrawal in the San Francisco family study. | Ehlers CL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Measuring addiction propensity and severity: the need for a new instrument. | Conway KP et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neurobiology of adolescent substance use disorders: implications for prevention and treatment. | Rutherford HJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Parental consanguinity and susceptibility to drug abuse among offspring, a case-control study. | Saadat M et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics of drug dependence: role of gene variations in susceptibility and treatment. | Khokhar JY et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Predictors of social anxiety in an opioid dependent sample and a control sample. | Shand FL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Predictors of the transition from experimental to daily smoking in late adolescence and young adulthood. | Park S et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Preliminary evidence of ethnic divergence in associations of putative genetic variants for methamphetamine dependence. | Bousman CA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Qualitative differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice in morphine potentiation of brain stimulation reward and intravenous self-administration. | Elmer GI et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Search for genetic markers and functional variants involved in the development of opiate and cocaine addiction and treatment. | Yuferov V et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Shared brain vulnerabilities open the way for nonsubstance addictions: carving addiction at a new joint? | Frascella J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Tobacco, cannabis, and other illicit drug use among Finnish adolescent twins: causal relationship or correlated liabilities? | Huizink AC et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Using a latent variable approach to inform gender and racial/ethnic differences in cocaine dependence: a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study. | Wu LT et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Variation in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes is associated with multiple substance dependence phenotypes. | Sherva R et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Addiction genetics and pleiotropic effects of common haplotypes that make polygenic contributions to vulnerability to substance dependence. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| A developmental perspective on underage alcohol use. | Masten AS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| An association of prodynorphin polymorphisms and opioid dependence in females in a Chinese population. | Clarke TK et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Candidate genes for cannabis use disorders: findings, challenges and directions. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Comorbidity of mental disorders and alcohol- and drug-use disorders: analysis of New South Wales inpatient data. | Lai HM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Developmental processes and mechanisms: ages 0-10. | Zucker RA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Differential role of serotonergic polymorphisms in alcohol and heroin dependence. | Saiz PA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Externalizing disorders: cluster 5 of the proposed meta-structure for DSM-V and ICD-11. | Krueger RF et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Familial risk analysis of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and psychoactive substance use disorder in female adolescents: a controlled study. | Biederman J et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genetic association studies of methamphetamine use disorders: A systematic review and synthesis. | Bousman CA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genome-wide association for nicotine dependence and smoking cessation success in NIH research volunteers. | Drgon T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genome-wide association for smoking cessation success: participants in a trial with adjunctive denicotinized cigarettes. | Drgon T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Heritability and a genome-wide linkage analysis of a Type II/B cluster construct for cannabis dependence in an American Indian community. | Ehlers CL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Lack of association between the A118G polymorphism of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and opioid dependence: A meta-analysis. | Coller JK et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Measurement of the risk for substance use disorders: phenotypic and genetic analysis of an index of common liability. | Vanyukov MM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Mouse model of relapse to the abuse of drugs: procedural considerations and characterizations. | Yan Y et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Nicotine abstinence genotyping: assessing the impact on smoking cessation clinical trials. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Pathways to cannabis abuse: a multi-stage model from cannabis availability, cannabis initiation and progression to abuse. | Gillespie NA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Pharmacogenetic treatments for drug addiction: cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine. | Haile CN et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Prediction of cannabis use disorder between boyhood and young adulthood: clarifying the phenotype and environtype. | Kirisci L et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Refinements in the hierarchical structure of externalizing psychiatric disorders: Patterns of lifetime liability from mid-adolescence through early adulthood. | Farmer RF et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Similar Processes Despite Divergent Behavior in Two Commonly Used Measures of Risky Decision Making. | Bishara AJ et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Smoking and smoking cessation in disadvantaged women: assessing genetic contributions. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The association between cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) and cannabis dependence symptoms in adolescents and young adults. | Hartman CA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The familial aggregation of cannabis use disorders. | Merikangas KR et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Abnormal heat and pain perception in remitted heroin dependence months after detoxification from methadone-maintenance. | Prosser JM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Addiction Reviews. Preface. | Uhl GR | β | 2008 | β |
| Are there genetic influences on addiction: evidence from family, adoption and twin studies. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| A risk allele for nicotine dependence in CHRNA5 is a protective allele for cocaine dependence. | Grucza RA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Association between heroin dependence and 5-HT2A receptor gene polymorphisms. | SΓ‘iz PA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Association of candidate genes with antisocial drug dependence in adolescents. | Corley RP et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Behavioral disinhibition and the development of early-onset addiction: common and specific influences. | Iacono WG et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Co-morbid pain and psychopathology in males and females admitted to treatment for opioid analgesic abuse. | Cicero TJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Drug use and dependence in cocaine dependent subjects, community-based individuals, and their siblings. | Bierut LJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Early developmental processes and the continuity of risk for underage drinking and problem drinking. | Zucker RA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Factors associated with history of non-fatal overdose among opioid users in the Swedish criminal justice system. | Hakansson A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Familial transmission of derived phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of substance use disorders. | Faraone SV et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genes and molecules that can potentiate or attenuate psychostimulant dependence: relevance of data from animal models to human addiction. | Niwa M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic and environmental contributions to nicotine, alcohol and cannabis dependence in male twins. | Xian H et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic factors influencing alcohol dependence. | Mayfield RD et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic susceptibility to heroin addiction: a candidate gene association study. | Levran O et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genome wide association for substance dependence: convergent results from epidemiologic and research volunteer samples. | Johnson C et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genotype patterns that contribute to increased risk for or protection from developing heroin addiction. | Nielsen DA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| "Higher order" addiction molecular genetics: convergent data from genome-wide association in humans and mice. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. | Verdejo-GarcΓa A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Linkage scan for quantitative traits identifies new regions of interest for substance dependence in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) sample. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Marijuana withdrawal and craving: influence of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes. | Haughey HM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Molecular genetics of successful smoking cessation: convergent genome-wide association study results. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Neurobiology of addiction. An integrative review. | Goodman A | β | 2008 | β |
| Non-prescribed use of pain relievers among adolescents in the United States. | Wu LT et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Opioid neuropeptide genotypes in relation to heroin abuse: dopamine tone contributes to reversed mesolimbic proenkephalin expression. | Nikoshkov A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Physical maturation, peer environment, and the ontogenesis of substance use disorders. | Kirillova GP et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Psychopathology in offspring from multiplex alcohol dependence families with and without parental alcohol dependence: a prospective study during childhood and adolescence. | Hill SY et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Quantitative trait locus analysis identifies rat genomic regions related to amphetamine-induced locomotion and Galpha(i3) levels in nucleus accumbens. | Potenza MN et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The effect of cannabis on the brain: can it cause brain anomalies that lead to increased risk for schizophrenia? | DeLisi LE | β | 2008 | β |
| The OPRD1 and OPRK1 loci in alcohol or drug dependence: OPRD1 variation modulates substance dependence risk. | Zhang H et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Underage drinking: a developmental framework. | Masten AS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| A genome-wide scan for loci influencing adolescent cannabis dependence symptoms: evidence for linkage on chromosomes 3 and 9. | Hopfer CJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| A latent class analysis of illicit drug abuse/dependence: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Allelic and genotypic associations of DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism with heroin dependence in Spanish subjects: a case control study. | Perez de los Cobos J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Association of bipolar and substance use disorders in parents of adolescents with bipolar disorder. | Wilens TE et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Buprenorphine maintenance: a new treatment for opioid dependence. | Collins GB et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence. | Kulhalli V et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| CNR1 variation modulates risk for drug and alcohol dependence. | Zuo L et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Common genetic risk of major depression and nicotine dependence: the contribution of antisocial traits in a United States veteran male twin cohort. | Fu Q et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and their association with cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent subjects. | Tang YL et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Deriving phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of substance use disorders: a family study approach. | Faraone SV et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Enduring vulnerability to reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior in glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor mutant mice. | Yan Y et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Evaluation of OPRM1 variants in heroin dependence by family-based association testing and meta-analysis. | Glatt SJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Gene-environment interactions in addictive disorders: epidemiological and methodological aspects. | Gorwood P et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genes mediate the association between P3 amplitude and externalizing disorders. | Hicks BM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Genomewide suggestive linkage of opioid dependence to chromosome 14q. | Lachman HM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Linking antisocial behavior, substance use, and personality: an integrative quantitative model of the adult externalizing spectrum. | Krueger RF et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Molecular genetics of nicotine dependence and abstinence: whole genome association using 520,000 SNPs. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Multiple ADH genes modulate risk for drug dependence in both African- and European-Americans. | Luo X et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Neurexin 3 polymorphisms are associated with alcohol dependence and altered expression of specific isoforms. | Hishimoto A et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Opioid dependence and addiction during opioid treatment of chronic pain. | Ballantyne JC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Pharmacogenetic aspects of addictive behaviors. | Hejazi NS | β | 2007 | β |
| Prodynorphin gene promoter repeat associated with cocaine/alcohol codependence. | Williams TJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Substance use disorder (SUD) morbidity versus number of parents with SUD. | Westermeyer J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The MAOA promoter polymorphism, disruptive behavior disorders, and early onset substance use disorder: gene-environment interaction. | Vanyukov MM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The role of conduct disorder in explaining the comorbidity between alcohol and illicit drug dependence in adolescence. | Button TM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Trajectories of adolescent alcohol and cannabis use into young adulthood. | Patton GC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Variables associated with current smoking status in chronic pain patients. | Fishbain DA et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Variation in a bicarbonate co-transporter gene family member SLC4A7 is associated with propensity to addictions: a study using fine-mapping and three samples. | Ishiguro H et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Addiction molecular genetics: 639,401 SNP whole genome association identifies many "cell adhesion" genes. | Liu QR et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Adolescents and substance-related disorders: research agenda to guide decisions on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-V). | Crowley TJ | β | 2006 | β |
| An overview of the genetics of substance use disorders. | Lachman HM | β | 2006 | β |
| Application of item response theory to quantify substance use disorder severity. | Kirisci L et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association of GABRA2 with drug dependence in the collaborative study of the genetics of alcoholism sample. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Cannabis receptor haplotype associated with fewer cannabis dependence symptoms in adolescents. | Hopfer CJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Challenges in genetic studies of the etiology of substance use and substance use disorders: introduction to the special issue. | Prescott CA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Comorbidity between alcohol dependence and illicit drug dependence in adolescents with antisocial behavior and matched controls. | Rhee SH et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Competing accounts of the gateway effect: the field thins, but still no clear winner. | Maccoun RJ | β | 2006 | β |
| Different lengths of times for progressions in adolescent substance involvement. | Ridenour TA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Duration of cannabis use--a novel phenotype? | Lynskey MT et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Examination of the causes of covariation between conduct disorder symptoms and vulnerability to drug dependence. | Button TM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Family based association analysis of statistically derived quantitative traits for drug use in ADHD and the dopamine transporter gene. | Lasky-Su J et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities underlying adolescent substance use and problem use: general or specific? | Young SE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Genome-wide linkage analysis of heroin dependence in Han Chinese: results from wave one of a multi-stage study. | Glatt SJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Human clock, PER1 and PER2 polymorphisms: lack of association with cocaine dependence susceptibility and cocaine-induced paranoia. | Malison RT et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Is there heterogeneity among syndromes of substance use disorder for illicit drugs? | Beseler C et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Lifetime psychiatric comorbidity of alcohol dependence and bulimia nervosa in women. | Duncan AE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Molecular genetics of addiction vulnerability. | Uhl GR | β | 2006 | β |
| Mu opioid receptor A118G polymorphism in association with striatal opioid neuropeptide gene expression in heroin abusers. | Drakenberg K et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| NrCAM in addiction vulnerability: positional cloning, drug-regulation, haplotype-specific expression, and altered drug reward in knockout mice. | Ishiguro H et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Perspectives on current directions in the neurobiology of addiction disorders relevant to genetic risk factors. | Hurd YL | β | 2006 | β |
| Pooled association genome scanning for alcohol dependence using 104,268 SNPs: validation and use to identify alcoholism vulnerability loci in unrelated individuals from the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism. | Johnson C et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Predicting risky drinking outcomes longitudinally: what kind of advance notice can we get? | Zucker RA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Predictors of marijuana use in adolescents before and after licit drug use: examination of the gateway hypothesis. | Tarter RE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Psychiatric comorbidity and progression in drug use in adult male twins: implications for the design of genetic association studies. | Todorov AA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Recidivism among male subjects incarcerated for illicit drug use in Taiwan. | Chiang SC et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? | Potenza MN | β | 2006 | β |
| Substance use disorder trajectory classes: diachronic integration of onset age, severity, and course. | Clark DB et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Subtypes of illicit drug users: a latent class analysis of data from an Australian twin sample. | Lynskey MT et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Symbiotic relationship of pharmacogenetics and drugs of abuse. | Rutter JL | β | 2006 | β |
| The developmental behavior genetics of drug involvement: overview and comments. | Zucker RA | β | 2006 | β |
| The genetic epidemiology of cannabis use, abuse and dependence. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Caffeine dependence in combination with a family history of alcoholism as a predictor of continued use of caffeine during pregnancy. | Svikis DS et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Categorical and continuous models of liability to externalizing disorders: a direct comparison in NESARC. | Markon KE et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Combining research approaches to advance our understanding of drug addiction. | van den Bree MB | β | 2005 | β |
| Factors associated with the transition from abuse to dependence among substance abusers: implications for a measure of addictive liability. | Ridenour TA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genetic determinants of addiction to opioids and cocaine. | Saxon AJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genetic influences in emotional dysfunction and alcoholism-related brain damage. | Oscar-Berman M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genetic influences on impulsivity, risk taking, stress responsivity and vulnerability to drug abuse and addiction. | Kreek MJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genetic variation in heroin-induced changes in behaviour: effects of B6 strain dose on conditioned reward and locomotor sensitization in 129-B6 hybrid mice. | Szumlinski KK et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genomewide linkage scan for cocaine dependence and related traits: significant linkages for a cocaine-related trait and cocaine-induced paranoia. | Gelernter J et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Haplotype association between GABAA receptor gamma2 subunit gene (GABRG2) and methamphetamine use disorder. | Nishiyama T et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Pharmacogenetics and human molecular genetics of opiate and cocaine addictions and their treatments. | Kreek MJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Pooled association genome scanning: validation and use to identify addiction vulnerability loci in two samples. | Liu QR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: preliminary validation of the Opioid Risk Tool. | Webster LR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Relations between normative beliefs and initiation intentions toward cigarette, alcohol and marijuana. | Olds RS et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The genetics of addictions: uncovering the genes. | Goldman D et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Cannabis and other illicit drugs: comorbid use and abuse/dependence in males and females. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genes associated with addiction: alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addiction. | Kreek MJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Haplotypes of the monoamine oxidase genes and the risk for substance use disorders. | Vanyukov MM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Molecular genetics of substance abuse vulnerability: remarkable recent convergence of genome scan results. | Uhl GR | β | 2004 | β |
| Molecular genetic underpinnings of human substance abuse vulnerability: likely contributions to understanding addiction as a mnemonic process. | Uhl GR | β | 2004 | β |
| Neurobehavior disinhibition in childhood predisposes boys to substance use disorder by young adulthood: direct and mediated etiologic pathways. | Tarter RE et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Psychiatric disorders and stages of smoking. | Breslau N et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Relation between cognitive distortions and neurobehavior disinhibition on the development of substance use during adolescence and substance use disorder by young adulthood: a prospective study. | Kirisci L et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Sleep problems in early childhood and early onset of alcohol and other drug use in adolescence. | Wong MM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Substantial attributable risk related to a functional mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with heroin addiction in central Sweden. | Bart G et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The role of family history in addiction severity and treatment response. | Coviello DM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Toward a syndrome model of addiction: multiple expressions, common etiology. | Shaffer HJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A genetic association study of the mu opioid receptor and severe opioid dependence. | Crowley JJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A genome-wide search for quantitative trait loci influencing substance dependence vulnerability in adolescence. | Stallings MC et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Autism families with a high incidence of alcoholism. | Miles JH et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Drug dependence and the endogenous opioid system. | Gerrits MA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Escalation of drug use in early-onset cannabis users vs co-twin controls. | Lynskey MT et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Family transmission of marijuana use, abuse, and dependence. | Hopfer CJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Gender-specific contribution of the GABA(A) subunit genes on 5q33 in methamphetamine use disorder. | Lin SK et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Liability to substance use disorders: 1. Common mechanisms and manifestations. | Vanyukov MM et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Neuroimaging and mechanisms of drug abuse: interface of molecular imaging and molecular genetics. | Ernst M et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for use and abuse/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates in male twins. | Kendler KS et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Substance abuse disorder and major depression are associated with the human 5-HT1B receptor gene (HTR1B) G861C polymorphism. | Huang YY et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Substance use disorders, externalizing psychopathology, and P300 event-related potential amplitude. | Iacono WG et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A family study of the high-risk children of opioid- and alcohol-dependent parents. | Wilens TE et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Allelic association analysis of the dopamine D2, D3, 5-HT2A, and GABA(A)gamma2 receptors and serotonin transporter genes with heroin abuse in Chinese subjects. | Li T et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| An alternative model is feasible, but the gateway hypothesis has not been invalidated: comments on Morral et al. | Lynskey M | β | 2002 | β |
| Correlates of marijuana use in Colombian adolescents: a focus on the impact of the ecological/cultural domain. | Brook DW et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Gene-environment interaction effects on behavioral variation and risk of complex disorders: the example of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. | Heath AC et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| HPA axis function and drug addictive behaviors: insights from studies with Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats. | Kosten TA et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Item response theory modeling of substance use: an index based on 10 drug categories. | Kirisci L et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| No association for D2 and D4 dopamine receptor polymorphisms and methamphetamine abuse in Chinese males. | Tsai SJ et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Potentially functional polymorphism in the promoter region of prodynorphin gene may be associated with protection against cocaine dependence or abuse. | Chen AC et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Reassessing the marijuana gateway effect. | Morral AR et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Relationship of the delta-opioid receptor gene to heroin abuse in a large Chinese case/control sample. | Xu K et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Substance abuse vulnerability loci: converging genome scanning data. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| The specificity of family history of alcohol and drug abuse in cocaine abusers. | Compton WM et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Association between mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and Chinese heroin addicts. | Szeto CY et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Early onset and recent drug use among children of parents with alcohol problems: data from a national epidemiologic survey. | Obot IS et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Family history influence on drug abuse severity and treatment outcome. | Pickens RW et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Novel and previously reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human 5-HT(1B) receptor gene: no association with cocaine or alcohol abuse or dependence. | Cigler T et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Onset and pattern of substance use in intravenous drug users of an opiate maintenance program. | Zinkernagel C et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Polysubstance abuse-vulnerability genes: genome scans for association, using 1,004 subjects and 1,494 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. | Uhl GR et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Risk factors for adolescent substance abuse. | Weinberg NZ | β | 2001 | β |
| Schizophrenia and the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1): association study using a single-base polymorphism in coding exon 1. | Leroy S et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cocaine dependence among African-American individuals. | Patkar AA et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Substance abuse in schizophrenia: a review of the literature and a study of correlates in Sweden. | Cantor-Graae E et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| The genetics of addiction: alcohol-dependence and D3 dopamine receptor gene. | Gorwood P et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association analysis of polymorphisms in the DRD4 gene and heroin abuse in Chinese subjects. | Li T et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Association analysis of polymorphisms in the ΞΌ opioid gene and heroin abuse in Chinese subjects. | Li T et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Biological phenotypes associated with individuals at high risk for developing alcohol-related disorders. Part 2. | Schuckit MA | β | 2000 | β |
| Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human mu opioid receptor gene by hybridization or single nucleotide extension on custom oligonucleotide gelpad microchips: potential in studies of addiction. | LaForge KS et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Enhanced acquisition of cocaine self-administration in adult rats with neonatal isolation stress experience. | Kosten TA et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Genes and addiction. | Nestler EJ | β | 2000 | β |
| Genetic and environmental influences on behavioral disinhibition. | Young SE et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Genetic and environmental influences on posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol and drug dependence in twin pairs. | Xian H et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Genetics of the risk for alcoholism. | Schuckit MA | β | 2000 | β |
| Genetic vulnerability to drug abuse. | Duaux E et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Implications of genetic epidemiology for the prevention of substance use disorders. | Merikangas KR et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Methadone-related opioid agonist pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction. History, recent molecular and neurochemical research and future in mainstream medicine. | Kreek MJ | β | 2000 | β |
| Multivariate assessment of factors influencing illicit substance use in twins from female-female pairs. | Karkowski LM et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| No association between (AAT)n repeats in the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) and heroin abuse in a Chinese population. | Li T et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Opioid receptor and peptide gene polymorphisms: potential implications for addictions. | LaForge KS et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Genetic studies of alcoholism and substance dependence. | Reich T et al. | β | 1999 | β |