Early life stress, MAOA, and gene-environment interactions predict behavioral disinhibition in children.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Enoch, M-A; Steer, C D; Newman, T K; Gibson, N; Goldman, D
- Year
- 2010
- Journal
- Genes, brain, and behavior
- PMID
- 19804559
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2009.00535.x
- PMCID
- PMC2824071
Several, but not all, studies have shown that the monoamine oxidase A functional promoter polymorphism (MAOA-LPR) interacts with childhood adversity to predict adolescent and adult antisocial behavior. However, it is not known whether MAOA-LPR interacts with early life (pre-birth-3 years) stressors to influence behavior in prepubertal children. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, UK, is a community-representative cohort study of children followed from pre-birth onwards. The impact of family adversity from pre-birth to age 3 years and stressful life events from 6 months to 7 years on behavioral disinhibition was determined in 7500 girls and boys. Behavioral disinhibition measures were: mother-reported hyperactivity and conduct disturbances (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) at ages 4 and 7 years. In both sexes, exposure to family adversity and stressful life events in the first 3 years of life predicted behavioral disinhibition at age 4, persisting until age 7. In girls, MAOA-LPR interacted with stressful life events experienced from 6 months to 3.5 years to influence hyperactivity at ages 4 and 7. In boys, the interaction of MAOA-LPR with stressful life events between 1.5 and 2.5 years predicted hyperactivity at age 7 years. The low activity MAOA-LPR variant was associated with increased hyperactivity in girls and boys exposed to high stress. In contrast, there was no MAOA-LPR interaction with family adversity. In a general population sample of prepubertal children, exposure to common stressors from pre-birth to 3 years predicted behavioral disinhibition, and MAOA-LPR- stressful life event interactions specifically predicted hyperactivity.
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| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 6-FAM | drug |
| adolescent antisocial behavior | phenotype |
| adolescents | cohort |
| adult antisocial behavior | phenotype |
| adverse childhood experiences | phenotype |
| adversity local | phenotype |
| aggression | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| alcoholism | phenotype |
| Allele 2 local | variant |
| Allele 3 local | variant |
| Allele 3.5 local | variant |
| Allele 4 local | variant |
| Allele 5 local | variant |
| ALSPAC | cohort |
| antisocial personality disorder | phenotype |
| anxiety | phenotype |
| At risk/taken into care local | phenotype |
| behavior | phenotype |
| behavioral abnormalities | phenotype |
| behavioral disinhibition | phenotype |
| behavioral inhibition | phenotype |
| boys' behavior local | phenotype |
| childhood conduct disorder | phenotype |
| children | cohort |
| Children (ages 1.5-7) local | cohort |
| clinical depression | phenotype |
| conduct disorder | phenotype |
| conduct disturbances local | phenotype |
| Conduct disturbances local | phenotype |
| conduct scores local | phenotype |
| Conduct scores local | phenotype |
| cortex | anatomy |
| crime | phenotype |
| Crown-Crisp Experiential Index (CCEI) local | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| early life stress exposure local | phenotype |
| early life stressors local | phenotype |
| Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) local | phenotype |
| emotion regulation | phenotype |
| externalizing disorders | phenotype |
| Family adversity questionnaire local | cohort |
| Family adversity score local | phenotype |
| family size local | phenotype |
| fearfulness local | phenotype |
| female homozygotes local | phenotype |
| financial difficulties local | phenotype |
| Foster care local | phenotype |
| frequent drunkenness local | phenotype |
| gene-environment interaction | phenotype |
| general population sample | cohort |
| girls' behavior local | phenotype |
| hard drugs | drug |
| healthy humans local | cohort |
| healthy men | cohort |
| High activity | phenotype |
| high activity allele local | variant |
| housing adequacy and quality local | phenotype |
| hyperactivity | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| inhibitory control | phenotype |
| institutional care | phenotype |
| Inter-parental cruelty local | phenotype |
| Life event scores local | phenotype |
| limbic circuitry local | anatomy |
| Low activity local | phenotype |
| Low activity allele local | variant |
| Major family problems local | phenotype |
| male hemizygotes local | phenotype |
| Maltreatment before age five local | phenotype |
| MAOA | gene |
| MAOA-2R local | variant |
| MAOA-3.5R local | variant |
| MAOA-3R local | variant |
| MAOA-4R local | variant |
| MAOA-5R local | variant |
| MAOA deficient mice local | cohort |
| MAOA-LPR | variant |
| MAOA-LPR low activity allele local | variant |
| MAOA-LPR low activity variant local | variant |
| MAOA promoter 30-bp repeat allele 2 local | variant |
| MAOA promoter 30-bp repeat allele 3 local | variant |
| MAOA promoter 30-bp repeat allele 3.5 local | variant |
| MAOA promoter 30-bp repeat allele 4 local | variant |
| maternal assessments local | phenotype |
| Maternal deprivation local | phenotype |
| maternal psychopathology | phenotype |
| maternal psychopathology during pregnancy local | phenotype |
| maternal psychopathology in the first year of life local | phenotype |
| Mother-assessed hyperactivity local | phenotype |
| mothers | cohort |
| new sibling local | phenotype |
| norepinephrine | drug |
| parental education | phenotype |
| Parental substance misuse local | phenotype |
| partner relationship local | phenotype |
| PCRX Enhancer System local | drug |
| persistent conduct disturbances outcome local | phenotype |
| persistent conduct problem local | phenotype |
| pet died local | phenotype |
| physical abuse | phenotype |
| physically hurt local | phenotype |
| PlatinumTaq local | drug |
| poor social adjustment local | phenotype |
| pre-birth social deprivation local | phenotype |
| pre-pubertal children local | cohort |
| pre-pubertal girls local | phenotype |
| psychopathology | phenotype |
| relationship problems local | phenotype |
| Relatives local | phenotype |
| rhesus macaque monkeys local | cohort |
| SDQ hyperactivity scores local | phenotype |
| serotonin | drug |
| social deprivation | phenotype |
| Social services referral local | phenotype |
| starting creche / nursery / school local | phenotype |
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) local | drug |
| stress exposure | phenotype |
| stressful life events | phenotype |
| stressful life events (2.5 to 3.5 years) local | phenotype |
| stressful life events (6 months to 2.5 years) local | phenotype |
| substance abuse | phenotype |
| suicide | phenotype |
| taken into care local | phenotype |
| testosterone | drug |
| worst quartile local | cohort |
| X-inactivation | phenotype |
| young motherhood local | phenotype |
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