The influence of substance use on adolescent brain development.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Squeglia, L M; Jacobus, J; Tapert, S F
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Clinical EEG and neuroscience
- PMID
- 19278130
- DOI
- 10.1177/155005940904000110
- PMCID
- PMC2827693
Adolescence is a unique period in neurodevelopment. Alcohol and marijuana use are common. Recent research has indicated that adolescent substance users show abnormalities on measures of brain functioning, which is linked to changes in neurocognition over time. Abnormalities have been seen in brain structure volume, white matter quality, and activation to cognitive tasks, even in youth with as little as 1-2 years of heavy drinking and consumption levels of 20 drinks per month, especially if > 4-5 drinks are consumed on a single occasion. Heavy marijuana users show some subtle anomalies too, but generally not the same degree of divergence from demographically similar non-using adolescents. This article reviews the extant literature on neurocognition, brain structure, and brain function in adolescent substance users with an emphasis on the most commonly used substances, and in the context of ongoing neuromaturational processes. Methodological and treatment implications are provided.
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| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 40 | METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | Accurately measuring abstinence is another important consideration in substance-related research⦠|
| 41 | METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS | Tracking participants over time is a critical part of many clinical issues when interested in the⦠|
| 42 | CONCLUSIONS | Current research suggests that substance use in adolescence leads to abnormalities in brain⦠|
| 43 | CONCLUSIONS | A few questions still remain, such as whether heavy substance use during adolescence causes⦠|
| 44 | CONCLUSIONS | Our group is currently conducting longitudinal studies of adolescent substance users as well as⦠|
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41β45 of 45
| Name | Type |
|---|---|
| 12th grade local | cohort |
| 8th grade local | cohort |
| Abnormal neuronal activation patterns local | phenotype |
| abstinence | phenotype |
| Abstinent adolescent drinkers local | cohort |
| Abstract reasoning strategies local | phenotype |
| academic performance | phenotype |
| ADHD | phenotype |
| Adolescent brain structure and function local | phenotype |
| Adolescent drinkers local | cohort |
| adolescent drug users local | cohort |
| Adolescent heavy drinkers local | cohort |
| Adolescent marijuana users local | cohort |
| Adolescent Marijuana Users local | cohort |
| Adolescent neurocognition local | phenotype |
| Adolescent neurocognitive functioning local | phenotype |
| Adolescent Neurocognitive Functioning local | phenotype |
| adolescents | cohort |
| adolescent substance use | phenotype |
| adolescent substance users local | phenotype |
| Adolescent Substance-Using Population local | cohort |
| adult alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| Age expectations local | phenotype |
| alcohol | phenotype |
| Alcohol abuse/dependence severity local | phenotype |
| Alcohol advertising local | drug |
| alcohol dependence | phenotype |
| Alcohol dependent adolescents local | cohort |
| Alcohol dependent young women local | cohort |
| Alcohol Use | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | phenotype |
| Alcohol Use Disorder Adolescents local | cohort |
| alcohol use disorders | phenotype |
| alcohol withdrawal | phenotype |
| anterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| attention | phenotype |
| attention performance local | phenotype |
| behavioral control | phenotype |
| behavioral inhibition | phenotype |
| Bilateral inferior parietal lobule local | anatomy |
| Bilateral medial frontal cortex local | anatomy |
| Bilateral posterior parietal cortices local | anatomy |
| Bilateral superior parietal lobule local | anatomy |
| binge drinking | phenotype |
| binge drinking episodes | phenotype |
| Binge drink+marijuana users local | cohort |
| Binge+marijuana users local | cohort |
| BOLD activation | phenotype |
| BOLD response | phenotype |
| brain | anatomy |
| brain activation for learning local | phenotype |
| brain development | phenotype |
| brain function | phenotype |
| Brain function alterations local | phenotype |
| brain functioning | phenotype |
| Brain integrity local | phenotype |
| brain structure | anatomy |
| Brain tissue status local | phenotype |
| Brain tissue volume local | phenotype |
| brain volume | anatomy |
| brain white matter | anatomy |
| California Verbal Learning Test-II local | phenotype |
| Callosal fibers local | anatomy |
| cannabinoid receptor activity local | phenotype |
| cannabis dependence | phenotype |
| cannabis use | phenotype |
| cerebellar region | anatomy |
| cerebellum | anatomy |
| cerebral blood flow | phenotype |
| Chronic alcoholic adults local | phenotype |
| Chronic heavy drinking local | phenotype |
| circuitry local | anatomy |
| cognition | phenotype |
| cognitive flexibility | phenotype |
| Compensation local | phenotype |
| Complex attention local | phenotype |
| conduct disorder | phenotype |
| control adolescents local | cohort |
| Control Adolescents local | cohort |
| controls | cohort |
| corpus callosum | anatomy |
| Creatinine local | drug |
| decision-making | phenotype |
| decision-making dysfunction local | phenotype |
| depression | phenotype |
| depressive symptoms | phenotype |
| drinkers | phenotype |
| drug | drug |
| drug dependence | phenotype |
| drugs | drug |
| Encoded word count local | phenotype |
| Enhanced cue response local | phenotype |
| errors | phenotype |
| executive functioning | phenotype |
| Family History-Related Effects local | phenotype |
| Female light drinkers local | cohort |
| Fiber tract coherence local | phenotype |
| fMRI | drug |
| fractional anisotropy | phenotype |
| fractional anisotropy (FA) | phenotype |
| frontal cortex | anatomy |
| Frontal-occipital fasciculus local | anatomy |
| Functional brain response local | phenotype |
| functional neuronal changes local | phenotype |
| Functional pathology local | phenotype |
| Future planning local | phenotype |
| Generation of new solutions local | phenotype |
| glial proliferation | phenotype |
| global gray matter local | anatomy |
| gray matter | anatomy |
| Gray matter local | phenotype |
| Gray matter tissue volume local | anatomy |
| Greater alcohol consumption local | phenotype |
| habitual behavior | phenotype |
| Hangover experiences local | phenotype |
| Head injury | phenotype |
| Healthy control adolescents local | cohort |
| Heavy alcohol consumption local | drug |
| heavy drinking | phenotype |
| Heavy drinking (adolescence) local | phenotype |
| Heavy drinking adolescents local | cohort |
| Heavy drinking youth local | phenotype |
| Heavy marijuana+alcohol users local | cohort |
| Heavy substanceβusing youths local | cohort |
| Higher-order association areas local | anatomy |
| Hippocampal asymmetry local | phenotype |
| Hippocampal volume | anatomy |
| hippocampus | anatomy |
| hypothalamus | anatomy |
| illicit drugs | phenotype |
| impulsivity | phenotype |
| inferior frontal gyrus | anatomy |
| inferior parietal lobule | anatomy |
| Inhibitory functioning local | phenotype |
| inhibitory processing | phenotype |
| insomnia | phenotype |
| insula | anatomy |
| irritability | phenotype |
| Language competence local | phenotype |
| learning | phenotype |
| Learning and memory functioning local | phenotype |
| light drinkers | phenotype |
| Light to non-drinkers local | cohort |
| limbic regions | anatomy |
| limbic system | anatomy |
| Lower-order sensorimotor regions local | anatomy |
| low socioeconomic status local | cohort |
| macrostructural neuronal changes local | phenotype |
| marijuana | phenotype |
| Marijuana users local | phenotype |
| matched controls | cohort |
| Mean diffusivity (MD) local | phenotype |
| Mean Diffusivity (MD) local | phenotype |
| Medial temporal cortex local | anatomy |
| memory | phenotype |
| methamphetamine | drug |
| methamphetamine dependence | phenotype |
| microstructural neuronal changes local | phenotype |
| Mid-Cingulate Cortex local | anatomy |
| middle temporal gyrus | anatomy |
| Mock scanner local | drug |
| mood disorders | phenotype |
| Myelination alterations local | phenotype |
| Myelination suppression local | phenotype |
| nausea | phenotype |
| negative consequences | phenotype |
| Neural abnormalities local | phenotype |
| Neurocognition alterations local | phenotype |
| Neurocognitive changes local | phenotype |
| Neurocognitive deficits | phenotype |
| Neurocognitive sequelae local | phenotype |
| neurodevelopment | phenotype |
| neurodevelopment changes local | phenotype |
| neuroinflammation | phenotype |
| Neuronal activation during cognitive tasks local | anatomy |
| neuropsychological deficits | phenotype |
| nicotine | drug |
| Nonβalcohol beverage ads local | drug |
| non-drinkers | phenotype |
| Nondrinkers local | cohort |
| Nonβdrinking teens local | phenotype |
| non-users | cohort |
| Nonβuser youths local | cohort |
| No relapse local | phenotype |
| Novelty/sensation seeking behaviors local | phenotype |
| nucleus accumbens | anatomy |
| occipital cortex | anatomy |
| Orthostatic hypotension | phenotype |
| outcome | phenotype |
| parietal cortex | anatomy |
| Participant comfort local | phenotype |
| participants | cohort |
| planning | phenotype |
| Polysubstance Involvement local | phenotype |
| Poor neurocognitive performance local | phenotype |
| posterior cingulate cortex | anatomy |
| posterior region | anatomy |
| prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| prefrontal regions | anatomy |
| Prenatal Exposure to Neurotoxins local | phenotype |
| primary visual cortex | anatomy |
| psychiatric disorders | phenotype |
| relapse | phenotype |
| Reliable data local | phenotype |
| right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| right middle frontal gyrus | anatomy |
| Right occipital gyri local | anatomy |
| right prefrontal cortex | anatomy |
| Right superior frontal cortex local | anatomy |
| risk taking | phenotype |
| Senior year of high school local | cohort |
| Sequencing scores local | phenotype |
| sex | phenotype |
| Spatial functioning local | phenotype |
| Spatial skills local | phenotype |
| spatial working memory | phenotype |
| Speeded information processing local | phenotype |
| stimulant | drug |
| Stimulant dependent adults local | cohort |
| stimulant dependent individuals local | cohort |
| stimulants | drug |
| striatum | anatomy |
| subcortical regions | anatomy |
| substance dependent adults local | cohort |
| substance use | phenotype |
| Substance using adolescents local | cohort |
| Subtle neural reorganization local | phenotype |
| superior longitudinal fasciculus | anatomy |
| synaptic pruning | phenotype |
| Task Accuracy local | phenotype |
| temporal cortex | anatomy |
| temporal lobe | anatomy |
| thalamus | anatomy |
| THC metabolite local | drug |
| Top-down cognitive control local | phenotype |
| Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) local | phenotype |
| treatment completion | phenotype |
| treatment response | phenotype |
| Treatment seeking methamphetamine dependent adult males local | cohort |
| Verbal Encoding local | phenotype |
| Verbal encoding abilities local | phenotype |
| Verbal Encoding Task local | phenotype |
| verbal learning | phenotype |
| verbal memory | phenotype |
| Verbal processing local | phenotype |
| Visual scanning local | phenotype |
| Wechsler Memory Scale-III Story Memory local | phenotype |
| white matter | anatomy |
| White matter fiber tracts local | anatomy |
| White matter quality local | phenotype |
| working memory | phenotype |
| Working memory systems local | phenotype |
| Young adult marijuana users local | cohort |
| young adults | cohort |
| younger participants | cohort |
| Youth at risk for substance problems | cohort |
| youth with psychiatric problems local | cohort |
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