saline drug

Aliases

0.9% NaCl, 0.9% saline, 0.90/00 NaCl, IV saline, NaCl, NaCl solution, normal saline, saline, saline administration, saline injections, sterile saline, vehicle

External links

DrugBank · PubChem

Related entities (27)

Mentioned in (162)

Papers in which this entity is mentioned.

• Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala. (2023)
• The ameliorative effects of choline on ethanol-induced cell death in the neural tube of susceptible BXD strains of mice. (2023)
• Altered dendritic morphology in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of nonhuman primates prenatally exposed to maternal immune activation. (2023)
• The effects of gestational choline supplementation on cerebellar Purkinje cell number in the sheep model of binge alcohol exposure during the first trimester-equivalent. (2022)
• Joint single-cell measurements of nuclear proteins and RNA in vivo. (2021)
• Simultaneous single cell measurements of intranuclear proteins and gene expression (2021)
• Neuronal ApoE upregulates MHC-I expression to drive selective neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. (2021)
• Neonatal Alcohol Exposure in Mice Induces Select Differentiation- and Apoptosis-Related Chromatin Changes Both Independent of and Dependent on Sex. (2020)
• ABHD4-dependent developmental anoikis safeguards the embryonic brain. (2020)
• Global DNA Methylation and Histone Posttranslational Modifications in Human and Nonhuman Primate Brain in Association with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. (2019)
• Maternal choline supplementation mitigates alcohol-induced fetal cranio-facial abnormalities detected using an ultrasonographic examination in a sheep model. (2019)
• Alcohol metabolism contributes to brain histone acetylation. (2019)
• Detection of local and remote cellular damage caused by spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury using a heat shock signaling reporter system. (2018)
• Activity-dependent Signaling and Epigenetic Abnormalities in Mice Exposed to Postnatal Ethanol. (2018)
• The acute effect of cannabis on plasma, liver and brain ammonia dynamics, a translational study. (2017)
• Postnatal choline supplementation selectively attenuates hippocampal microRNA alterations associated with developmental alcohol exposure. (2017)
• Ethanol itself is a holoprosencephaly-inducing teratogen. (2017)
• The effect of alcohol on the differential expression of cluster of differentiation 14 gene, associated pathways, and genetic network. (2017)
• Choline and Working Memory Training Improve Cognitive Deficits Caused by Prenatal Exposure to Ethanol. (2017)
• Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Ribosome Biogenesis as a Target of Alcohol Teratogenicity and Vulnerability during Early Embryogenesis. (2017)
• Dietary choline levels modify the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in rats. (2017)
• Prenatal ethanol exposure in mice phenocopies Cdon mutation by impeding Shh function in the etiology of optic nerve hypoplasia. (2017)
• Maternal choline supplementation in a sheep model of first trimester binge alcohol fails to protect against brain volume reductions in peripubertal lambs. (2016)
• Developmental ethanol exposure-induced sleep fragmentation predicts adult cognitive impairment. (2016)
• Alteration of Gene Expression, DNA Methylation, and Histone Methylation in Free Radical Scavenging Networks in Adult Mouse Hippocampus following Fetal Alcohol Exposure. (2016)
• Nicotine Exposure During Pregnancy Results in Persistent Midline Epithelial Seam With Improper Palatal Fusion. (2016)
• Establishment of human iPSC-based models for the study and targeting of glioma initiating cells. (2016)
• Acute prenatal exposure to ethanol on gestational day 12 elicits opposing deficits in social behaviors and anxiety-like behaviors in Sprague Dawley rats. (2016)
• Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Epigenetic Changes in the Rat Nucleus Accumbens Associated With Cross-Generational Effects of Adolescent THC Exposure. (2015)
• CB1-receptor knockout neonatal mice are protected against ethanol-induced impairments of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNA methylation. (2015)
• Dose-dependent alcohol-induced alterations in chromatin structure persist beyond the window of exposure and correlate with fetal alcohol syndrome birth defects. (2015)
• Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ are linked with alcohol consumption in mice and withdrawal and dependence in humans. (2015)
• Effects of all three trimester moderate binge alcohol exposure on the foetal hippocampal formation and olfactory bulb. (2015)
• Computed tomography assessment of peripubertal craniofacial morphology in a sheep model of binge alcohol drinking in the first trimester. (2015)
• Long Noncoding RNA-Directed Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression Is Associated With Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice. (2015)
• Branch-specific dendritic Ca(2+) spikes cause persistent synaptic plasticity. (2015)
• Prenatal alcohol exposure alters steady-state and activated gene expression in the adult rat brain. (2015)
• Low and moderate prenatal ethanol exposures of mice during gastrulation or neurulation delays neurobehavioral development. (2015)
• Selective reduction of cerebral cortex GABA neurons in a late gestation model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. (2015)
• Activation of the FGFR-STAT3 pathway in breast cancer cells induces a hyaluronan-rich microenvironment that licenses tumor formation. (2014)
• Modulation of pilocarpine-induced seizures by cannabinoid receptor 1. (2014)
• Pre-administration of G9a/GLP inhibitor during synaptogenesis prevents postnatal ethanol-induced LTP deficits and neurobehavioral abnormalities in adult mice. (2014)
• Maternal and neonatal plasma microRNA biomarkers for fetal alcohol exposure in an ovine model. (2014)
• Acute exposure to ethanol on gestational day 15 affects social motivation of female offspring. (2014)
• Supplemental choline does not attenuate the effects of neonatal ethanol administration on habituation of the heart rate orienting response in rats. (2014)
• Effects of Acute Prenatal Exposure to Ethanol on microRNA Expression are Ameliorated by Social Enrichment. (2014)
• Genomic factors that shape craniofacial outcome and neural crest vulnerability in FASD. (2014)
• Ethanol exposure induces neonatal neurodegeneration by enhancing CB1R Exon1 histone H4K8 acetylation and up-regulating CB1R function causing neurobehavioral abnormalities in adult mice. (2014)
• Neural crest development in fetal alcohol syndrome. (2014)
• Distinct neurobehavioral dysfunction based on the timing of developmental binge-like alcohol exposure. (2014)
• Exercise and environment as an intervention for neonatal alcohol effects on hippocampal adult neurogenesis and learning. (2014)
• Molecular pathways underpinning ethanol-induced neurodegeneration. (2014)
• Modeling hippocampal neurogenesis using human pluripotent stem cells. (2014)
• MiR-153 targets the nuclear factor-1 family and protects against teratogenic effects of ethanol exposure in fetal neural stem cells. (2014)
• Ethanol induced acetylation of histone at G9a exon1 and G9a-mediated histone H3 dimethylation leads to neurodegeneration in neonatal mice. (2014)
• A comparison of the different animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their use in studying complex behaviors. (2014)
• Effects of L-glutamine supplementation on maternal and fetal hemodynamics in gestating ewes exposed to alcohol. (2014)
• The role of NADPH oxidase in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome. (2014)
• Effects of one- and three-day binge alcohol exposure in neonatal C57BL/6 mice on spatial learning and memory in adolescence and adulthood. (2014)
• Gestational choline supplementation normalized fetal alcohol-induced alterations in histone modifications, DNA methylation, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression in β-endorphin-producing POMC neurons of the hypothalamus. (2013)
• Rbfox proteins regulate alternative mRNA splicing through evolutionarily conserved RNA bridges. (2013)
• Neurodevelopmental alcohol exposure elicits long-term changes to gene expression that alter distinct molecular pathways dependent on timing of exposure. (2013)
• The role of cortisol in chronic binge alcohol-induced cerebellar injury: Ovine model. (2013)
• Aberrant histone deacetylase2-mediated histone modifications and synaptic plasticity in the amygdala predisposes to anxiety and alcoholism. (2013)
• The PPAR α / γ Agonist, Tesaglitazar, Improves Insulin Mediated Switching of Tissue Glucose and Free Fatty Acid Utilization In Vivo in the Obese Zucker Rat. (2013)
• G9a-mediated histone methylation regulates ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the neonatal mouse brain. (2013)
• COMT Val158Met modulates subjective responses to intravenous nicotine and cognitive performance in abstinent smokers. (2013)
• ApoE4 induces Aβ42, tau, and neuronal pathology in the hippocampus of young targeted replacement apoE4 mice. (2013)
• Alcohol exposure in utero increases susceptibility to prostate tumorigenesis in rat offspring. (2013)
• Long-lasting alterations to DNA methylation and ncRNAs could underlie the effects of fetal alcohol exposure in mice. (2013)
• Convergent translational evidence of a role for anandamide in amygdala-mediated fear extinction, threat processing and stress-reactivity. (2013)
• Acute alcohol exposure, acidemia or glutamine administration impacts amino acid homeostasis in ovine maternal and fetal plasma. (2013)
• Rescue of holoprosencephaly in fetal alcohol-exposed Cdon mutant mice by reduced gene dosage of Ptch1. (2013)
• Role of motor cortex NMDA receptors in learning-dependent synaptic plasticity of behaving mice. (2013)
• DNA methylation program in developing hippocampus and its alteration by alcohol. (2013)
• In vivo and in vitro effects of an apolipoprotein e mimetic peptide on amyloid-β pathology. (2013)
• Long-lasting neural circuit dysfunction following developmental ethanol exposure. (2013)
• The role of acidemia in maternal binge alcohol-induced alterations in fetal bone functional properties. (2013)
• Alcohol-induced apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in the fetal macaque brain. (2013)
• Impact of combined prenatal ethanol and prenatal stress exposure on anxiety and hippocampal-sensitive learning in adult offspring. (2013)
• C57BL/6N mutation in cytoplasmic FMRP interacting protein 2 regulates cocaine response. (2013)
• Different patterns of regional Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellar vermis as a function of the timing of prenatal ethanol exposure in an ovine model. (2013)
• Reduced expression of brain cannabinoid receptor 1 (Cnr1) is coupled with an increased complementary micro-RNA (miR-26b) in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. (2013)
• Choline supplementation mitigates trace, but not delay, eyeblink conditioning deficits in rats exposed to alcohol during development. (2012)
• Male germline transmits fetal alcohol adverse effect on hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin gene across generations. (2012)
• Low-threshold potassium currents stabilize IID-sensitivity in the inferior colliculus. (2012)
• Delta and kappa opioid receptor polymorphisms influence the effects of naltrexone on subjective responses to alcohol. (2012)
• Withdrawal from THC during adolescence: sex differences in locomotor activity and anxiety. (2012)
• Circulating microRNAs in exosomes indicate hepatocyte injury and inflammation in alcoholic, drug-induced, and inflammatory liver diseases. (2012)
• Nicotine induces negative energy balance through hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase. (2012)
• Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex during sensorimotor learning. (2012)
• Deletion of the gabra2 gene results in hypersensitivity to the acute effects of ethanol but does not alter ethanol self administration. (2012)
• Choline supplementation and DNA methylation in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats exposed to alcohol during development. (2012)
• Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of human brain in vivo and its molecular underpinnings. (2012)
• Divergent roles of ALS-linked proteins FUS/TLS and TDP-43 intersect in processing long pre-mRNAs. (2012)
• Ethanol reduces the phase locking of neural activity in human and rodent brain. (2012)
• Prenatal alcohol exposure alters the course and severity of adjuvant-induced arthritis in female rats. (2012)
• 3D fiber tractography with susceptibility tensor imaging. (2012)
• The effects of perinatal choline supplementation on hippocampal cholinergic development in rats exposed to alcohol during the brain growth spurt. (2012)
• Cdon mutation and fetal ethanol exposure synergize to produce midline signaling defects and holoprosencephaly spectrum disorders in mice. (2012)
• Maternal immune activation yields offspring displaying mouse versions of the three core symptoms of autism. (2012)
• Ethanol exposure during pregnancy persistently attenuates cranially directed blood flow in the developing fetus: evidence from ultrasound imaging in a murine second trimester equivalent model. (2012)
• Maternal immune activation by LPS selectively alters specific gene expression profiles of interneuron migration and oxidative stress in the fetus without triggering a fetal immune response. (2012)
• Postnatal day 7 ethanol treatment causes persistent reductions in adult mouse brain volume and cortical neurons with sex specific effects on neurogenesis. (2012)
• A promoter polymorphism in the Per3 gene is associated with alcohol and stress response. (2012)
• Pharmacogenetics of smoking cessation: role of nicotine target and metabolism genes. (2012)
• Adolescent binge drinking alters adult brain neurotransmitter gene expression, behavior, brain regional volumes, and neurochemistry in mice. (2011)
• Administration of memantine during ethanol withdrawal in neonatal rats: effects on long-term ethanol-induced motor incoordination and cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. (2011)
• Long pre-mRNA depletion and RNA missplicing contribute to neuronal vulnerability from loss of TDP-43. (2011)
• Habenular α5 nicotinic receptor subunit signalling controls nicotine intake. (2011)
• Prenatal choline deficiency does not enhance hippocampal vulnerability after kainic acid-induced seizures in adulthood. (2011)
• High-field (9.4 T) MRI of brain dysmyelination by quantitative mapping of magnetic susceptibility. (2011)
• Protection of neurons and microglia against ethanol in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists. (2011)
• Memory for the order of events in specific sequences: contributions of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. (2011)
• Calcium-mediated repression of β-catenin and its transcriptional signaling mediates neural crest cell death in an avian model of fetal alcohol syndrome. (2011)
• Acute prenatal exposure to ethanol and social behavior: effects of age, sex, and timing of exposure. (2011)
• Local and regional network function in behaviorally relevant cortical circuits of adult mice following postnatal alcohol exposure. (2011)
• Blockade of nicotine reward and reinstatement by activation of alpha-type peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. (2011)
• Prenatal exposure to moderate levels of ethanol alters social behavior in adult rats: relationship to structural plasticity and immediate early gene expression in frontal cortex. (2010)
• Early pharmacotherapy restores neurogenesis and cognitive performance in the Ts65Dn mouse model for Down syndrome. (2010)
• Alcohol during adolescence selectively alters immediate and long-term behavior and neurochemistry. (2010)
• Microscopic diffusion tensor imaging of the mouse brain. (2010)
• Stress-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult male rats is altered by prenatal ethanol exposure. (2010)
• Conserved role of unc-79 in ethanol responses in lightweight mutant mice. (2010)
• COG1410, an apolipoprotein E-based peptide, improves cognitive performance and reduces cortical loss following moderate fluid percussion injury in the rat. (2010)
• Postnatal binge-like alcohol exposure decreases dendritic complexity while increasing the density of mature spines in mPFC Layer II/III pyramidal neurons. (2010)
• Waxholm space: an image-based reference for coordinating mouse brain research. (2010)
• Prenatal choline supplementation mitigates behavioral alterations associated with prenatal alcohol exposure in rats. (2010)
• Muscarinic type 2 receptors in the lateral dorsal tegmental area modulate cocaine and food seeking behavior in rats. (2010)
• Effects of moderate drinking during pregnancy on placental gene expression. (2010)
• Cocaine exposure modulates dopamine and adenosine signaling in the fetal brain. (2010)
• Vulnerability of macaque cranial nerve neurons to ethanol is time- and site-dependent. (2009)
• Prenatal choline supplementation mitigates the adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on development in rats. (2009)
• Forkhead box, class O transcription factors in brain: regulation and behavioral manifestation. (2009)
• Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases CREB phosphorylation and restores orientation selectivity in a model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. (2009)
• Hippocampal CB(1) receptors mediate the memory impairing effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. (2009)
• Alterations in phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element of binding protein activity: a pathway for fetal alcohol syndrome-related neurotoxicity. (2009)
• Insulin-like growth factor-I mitigates motor coordination deficits associated with neonatal alcohol exposure in rats. (2009)
• From mouse to man: the 5-HT3 receptor modulates physical dependence on opioid narcotics. (2009)
• Prenatal NAP+SAL prevents developmental delay in a mouse model of Down syndrome through effects on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. (2009)
• Retentive multipotency of adult dorsal root ganglia stem cells. (2009)
• Chronic binge ethanol-mediated acidemia reduces availability of glutamine and related amino acids in maternal plasma of pregnant sheep. (2008)
• Acid-sensitive channel inhibition prevents fetal alcohol spectrum disorders cerebellar Purkinje cell loss. (2008)
• Elevated fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium of sheep fetuses exposed in utero to ethanol--a new animal model. (2008)
• Choline supplementation attenuates learning deficits associated with neonatal alcohol exposure in the rat: effects of varying the timing of choline administration. (2008)
• In Vivo 3D Digital Atlas Database of the Adult C57BL/6J Mouse Brain by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy. (2008)
• Identification of novel bone-specific molecular targets of binge alcohol and ibandronate by transcriptome analysis. (2008)
• High-resolution magnetic resonance histology of the embryonic and neonatal mouse: a 4D atlas and morphologic database. (2008)
• Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. (2008)
• Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in C57BL/6 mice detected through proteomics screening of the amniotic fluid. (2008)
• The Reelin receptors Apoer2 and Vldlr coordinate the patterning of Purkinje cell topography in the developing mouse cerebellum. (2008)
• Site-specific role of catechol-O-methyltransferase in dopamine overflow within prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. (2007)
• Maternal immune activation alters fetal brain development through interleukin-6. (2007)
• Restoration of neuronal plasticity by a phosphodiesterase type 1 inhibitor in a model of fetal alcohol exposure. (2006)
• Nicotinamide protects against ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing mouse brain. (2006)
• Origin of oligodendrocytes in the subventricular zone of the adult brain. (2006)
• The long-term stability of new hippocampal place fields requires new protein synthesis. (2004)
• Neonatal alcohol exposure induces long-lasting impairment of visual cortical plasticity in ferrets. (2003)
• Antiepileptic drugs and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain. (2002)
• In utero cocaine-induced dysfunction of dopamine D1 receptor signaling and abnormal differentiation of cerebral cortical neurons. (2000)
• Effects of chronic treatment with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cannabinoid-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS autoradiography in rat brain. (1996)
• Loss of myelinated axons is specific to the central nervous system in a mouse model of the fetal alcohol syndrome. (1995)

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